Marine Plankton and Kelp: An In-depth Look at Marine Life, Quizzes of Oceanography

Download Marine Plankton and Kelp: An In-depth Look at Marine Life and more Quizzes Oceanography in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Plankton DEFINITION 1 cannot swim against current includes- phytoplankton, zooplankton, ichthyoplankton TERM 2 Nekton DEFINITION 2 Can swim against current includes animals TERM 3 Phytoplankton DEFINITION 3 algae autotrophs (producer) ~ 40% of food made by photosynthesis Primary production Diatoms- class bacillariophyceae, important in coastal areas and spring blooms Frustules- require silica( silicafrustule) TERM 4 Centrales DEFINITION 4 Marine form of radial symmetry. (can be halved at different angles passing through central axis TERM 5 Pennales DEFINITION 5 Usually shallow and freshwater form of bilateral symmetry ( body halved through the center TERM 6 Dinoflagellates DEFINITION 6 single celled 2 flagellae bioluminuscent harmful algal blooms- Red tides, toxic, can cause fish kills 6-8 million / L TERM 7 coccolithophores DEFINITION 7 calcium carbonate milky water found in white cliffs of dover TERM 8 Picoplankton DEFINITION 8 smallest class photosynthesize bacteria Productivity in the euphotic zone Net productivity - Gross productivity -- respiration compensation depth- where respiration = photosynthesis. located at the bottom of euphotic zone Located in coastal regions, upwelling zones, equatorial, antarctic TERM 9 Zooplankton DEFINITION 9 animals of the plankton, but still cannot swim against current every major phylum of animal kingdom is represented Heterotrophs Holoplanktion Meroplankton ichthyoplankton TERM 10 Copepods DEFINITION 10 Crustaceans grazers secondary production holoplankton 0.5 mm TERM 21 Mollusca DEFINITION 21 Soft bodied, usually a shell Gastropods- stomach, foot = snail Bivalves- two doors, twin shells. = clams Cephalopods- head, foot= squid, octopus, intelligent, good eyesight, sophisticated TERM 22 Arthropoda DEFINITION 22 has joint and foot exoskeleton- nutrient rich in chitin Striated muscle Articulation (flexible joint between bones) low representation in sea lobsters, shrimp, crabs, krill, barnacles TERM 23 Echinoderms DEFINITION 23 No skin or brains. hedgehog skin includes sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers TERM 24 Chordata DEFINITION 24 most advanced invertabrates notochord- provided basis for embryonic development embryos share structure with vertebrates TERM 25 Vertebrates DEFINITION 25 Chordata that possess backbones 95% have backbone, internal skeleton- bone and or cartilage Fish are most abundant vertebrates. Cold blooded TERM 26 Agnatha DEFINITION 26 class of fish lack jaws, no paired appendages, snake-like Lamprey, hagfish TERM 27 Chonodrichthyes DEFINITION 27 class of fish skeleton made of cartilage Sharks, skates, rays Been around a long time due to jaws with teeth and paired fins TERM 28 Osteichthyes DEFINITION 28 class of fish hard, light weight skeleton, gas bladders found from tidal pools all the way to abyssal depths TERM 29 problems for fish DEFINITION 29 water is 1000 times denser than air, and 100 times more viscous Very small organisms have difficult time of swimming Drag depends on viscosity, speed, shape, and size swim bladders keep fish at certain depths. sharks and other powerful fish dont have them and will sink to the bottom if they are not always moving TERM 30 Amphibians DEFINITION 30 Require flow through water, no marine species includes- frogs, salamanders, toads TERM 31 Marine Reptiles DEFINITION 31 Sea turtle- most successful return to birthplace (2,3, or 4 year intervals) all species are endangered shell is streamlined One truly Marine crocodile located in tropics. hunt in packs, fast, and aggressive TERM 32 Marine Birds DEFINITION 32 270 species of birds, ~3% are seabirds True seabirds avoid land unless breeding, get food from sea, seek isolated areas during reproduction include- Pelicans, gulls, penguins TERM 33 Marine Mammals DEFINITION 33 Orders Cetacea- whales, dolphins, porpoises Carnivora- seals, sea lions, walruses, can leave ocean Sirenia- Manatees, dugongs. only herbivorus. small brain 4 general characteristics streamlined body shape generate internal body heat respiratory system is modified osmotic adaptation TERM 34 Community DEFINITION 34 Many populations of organism that interact at a particular location habitat- an organisms physical location in its community niche- an organisms role in the community biodiversity-variety of species in a given area Examples: rocky intertidal, seaweed, sand beach, coral reef, deep sea, open ocean TERM 35 Population DEFINITION 35 A group of organisms of the same species occupying a specific area TERM 46 why is animal diversity high, but abundance is low? DEFINITION 46 Food is patchy and has uneven distribution patchy food leads to micro habitats Limits possibilities that species will compete with one another Food is limited, thus cannot sustain large numbers of individuals TERM 47 4 types of marine resources DEFINITION 47 physical marine energy biological nonextractive TERM 48 Physical Resources DEFINITION 48 Hydrocarbon, minerals, freshwater In 2000, 35% of crude oil, 26% of natural gas came from ocean where does it come from? Marine sediments plankton, benthic organisms anaerobic conditions ^all buried under km of sediment^ 90 metric tons of plankton per gallon of gas TERM 49 Methane hydrates DEFINITION 49 largest reserve of hydrocarbon possible future fuel, one cubic meter contains about 164 cubic meters of natural gas TERM 50 Sand and gravels DEFINITION 50 second in dollar to crushed stone Japan and England produce 20 % Aragonite sands in the bahamas are 97% calcium carbonate (CaCO3) commonly used in construction Mining in Africa by De Beers- they mine diamond bearing gravel