Understanding Hate Crimes: Definitions, Motives, and Prevention Acts, Quizzes of Criminal Justice

Download Understanding Hate Crimes: Definitions, Motives, and Prevention Acts and more Quizzes Criminal Justice in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 hate crime DEFINITION 1 attack against a particular group based on a certain characteristic TERM 2 predicate offense DEFINITION 2 criminal offense has occurredoffense have to be motivated wholly or partly by prejudice TERM 3 thrill-seeking DEFINITION 3 most common form, kids just looking for fun TERM 4 defensive DEFINITION 4 committed in defense of your property or neighborhood TERM 5 retaliatory DEFINITION 5 in response to an action, typically another crime TERM 6 mission DEFINITION 6 committed due to a deep seated belief, less common, see it as their duty to rid the world of evil TERM 7 Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 DEFINITION 7 prevent damaging religious buildings & preventing people from practicing their religious beliefs through threats or force TERM 8 Hate Crime Prevention Act 2009 (Matthew Shepard & James Byrd Jr) DEFINITION 8 included gender-based hate crimes by & against juveniles in data collection TERM 9 Anti-stalking Legislation DEFINITION 9 -primary purpose of anti-stalking legislation was to stop stalkers before they engaged in violence-California passed the first anti-stalking law in 1991-All 50 states, the District of Columbia, & the federal government have enacted laws making stalking a crime TERM 10 passive neglect DEFINITION 10 neglect that is unintentional TERM 21 traditional gang DEFINITION 21 been around 20+ years, have 100+ members, territorial, wide age range (blood or crips) TERM 22 Neotraditional gang DEFINITION 22 resemble the traditional but hasn't been around as long, 50- 100 members, age range smaller, territorial TERM 23 compressed gang DEFINITION 23 50 members, been around 10- years, future uncertain TERM 24 collective gang DEFINITION 24 similar to compressed gangs, larger than compressed gangs, less organized TERM 25 specialty gang DEFINITION 25 engage in specific criminal activity TERM 26 Intimate Partner Violence DEFINITION 26 -violence or abuse perpetrated by current spouse or ex spouse by boyfriend/girlfriend/ex/date TERM 27 stalking DEFINITION 27 prelude to violence TERM 28 Who is prone to victimization DEFINITION 28 Gender: femalesRace: Blacks & HispanicsSocioeconomic: Lower ClassEducation Level: Less education TERM 29 Cycle of Violence Phase 1 DEFINITION 29 "Tension Building"-stress-frustration-low self-esteem-poor communication TERM 30 Cycle of Violence Phase 2 DEFINITION 30 "Explosion" (violent act occurs)-fight-anger-fear TERM 31 Cycle of Violence Phase 3 DEFINITION 31 "Honeymoon"-guilt-remorse-I'll never do it again TERM 32 Elder Abuse & Neglect DEFINITION 32 some type of physical/emotional abuse or deprivation of the needs of the elderly TERM 33 Factors related to elder abuse and neglect DEFINITION 33 family situationscaregiver issuescultural issues TERM 34 fear & avoidance DEFINITION 34 as a student fear increases, confidence in school administrators decreases TERM 35 Responses to decrease in school confidence DEFINITION 35 1. carry a weapon2. fight other students3. put on a tough front TERM 46 Luckenbill DEFINITION 46 disputes become violent through a series of interpersonal exchanges TERM 47 situated transaction DEFINITION 47 interaction between people in a specific place or time TERM 48 presence of a weapon DEFINITION 48 if there a weapon it increases the likelihood it'll be used TERM 49 "save face" at the other's expense DEFINITION 49 maintain reputation TERM 50 cultural theories & fireman availability DEFINITION 50 - proportion of households owning a gun has remained stable at about 50% for 3 decades- rates of gun ownership+ area : rural+ race : whites+ region of the US : South+ social economic status : higher income- gun availability alone cannot explain high rates of violent crime in the Us TERM 51 Kansas City Gun Experiment DEFINITION 51 disrupt illegal gun TERM 52 Target beat DEFINITION 52 gun seizure increased by 65%, decrease gun violence by 49% TERM 53 comparison beat DEFINITION 53 nothing changed TERM 54 Gun Control Legislation DEFINITION 54 -3 broad strategies1. Altering Gun Use-Bartley Fox Laws- Sentencing Enhancement2. Reducing Lethality of Guns3. Market-Based Strategies TERM 55 Bartley Fox Laws DEFINITION 55 Massachusetts, 1 year for carrying unlicensed hun TERM 56 Reducing Lethality DEFINITION 56 safety on guns, keep people away from guns TERM 57 Market-Based Strategies DEFINITION 57 background check TERM 58 Federal Gun Control Act of 1968 DEFINITION 58 prohibited gun dealers from selling to dangerous people (convicted felons, juveniles, drug users, mentally ill) TERM 59 trouble DEFINITION 59 more likely to get in & out of trouble TERM 60 toughness DEFINITION 60 form of masculinity, sign of respect TERM 71 social skills programs DEFINITION 71 to provide students with the techniques to properly socialize with others TERM 72 Counseling, talk, therapy DEFINITION 72 give students the chance to discuss problems with professionals TERM 73 Peer mediation DEFINITION 73 teach students about conflict resolution TERM 74 teachers at risk DEFINITION 74 - students are not the only victims of violence & crime at school- in 2011-2012, teachers were the victims of 209,800 physical attacks at school- male teachers vs female teachers- teachers who are considered to be strict are at most risk of being victimized TERM 75 Factors that contribute to sources of violence DEFINITION 75 1. overcrowding2. high student to teacher ration3. low student academic achievement4. poor facility design TERM 76 school climate theory DEFINITION 76 schools have their own characteristics "personalities" just as individuals do TERM 77 School climates include: DEFINITION 77 1. communication patterns2. norms about what is appropriate behavior3. role relationships4. rewards & sanctions TERM 78 control theory (individual) DEFINITION 78 what factors influence student violence TERM 79 Bonds DEFINITION 79 1. attachment2. commitment3. involvement4. belief- schools provide a central venue of social bonding- those with poor academic or interpersonal skills are likely to experience failure & alienation in school- relationships between bond & delinquent TERM 80 attachment DEFINITION 80 whether they feel connected to peers, teachers, or school environment; more attached less likely to engage in violence TERM 81 commitment DEFINITION 81 somebody involvement or dedication to school TERM 82 involvement DEFINITION 82 engage in school related activities TERM 83 belief DEFINITION 83 people agree with the ideas & the rules of society