Psychology Terminology: Disorders, Anxiety, Personality, Substance Use, and Therapies, Quizzes of Psychology

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TERM 1 psychological disorder DEFINITION 1 ongoing pattern of thoughts, feelings, or actions that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional; prolonged or recurring problem that seriously interferes with one's ability to function adequately TERM 2 abnormal behavior DEFINITION 2 can be viewed as: deviation from statistical or social norms dysfunctional (maladaptive) behavior subjective distress biological dysfunction TERM 3 deviation from statistical or social norms DEFINITION 3 behavior that occurs infrequently in relation to most people in one's culture or situation; behavior that deviates from accepted social norms TERM 4 dysfunctional behavior DEFINITION 4 interferes with the individual's ability to function in society TERM 5 subjective distress DEFINITION 5 person reports discomfort TERM 6 biological dysfunction DEFINITION 6 breakdown of physiological systems TERM 7 neurotic vs psychotic DEFINITION 7 (Though these words aren't really used anymore)neurotic disorder: distressing but allows one to think rationally and continue to function in societypsychotic disorder: person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions TERM 8 medical model DEFINITION 8 mental illness where patients are diagnosed based on symptoms and are cured with therapy, medications, and hospitalizationmental disorders are seen as diseases that can be treated with medicine; have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes cured TERM 9 biopsychosocial model DEFINITION 9 equal emphasis on all three components the influence of culture is seen in culturally specific disorders but many are worldwide, such as schizophrenia TERM 10 DSM DEFINITION 10 APA's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disordersa widely used system for classifying psychological disordersuses the biopsychosocial approach and is always changing with new findings and societal viewpoints ex. homosexuality used to be an illness in there used by mental health professionals to communicate about a patient's diagnosis, researchers to classify and explain disorders, therapists to design treatment programs, and lawyers to make legal decisionsbut can create labels, be subjective, and no comorbidity TERM 21 dissociative identity disorder DEFINITION 21 a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities (formerly multiple personality disorder) TERM 22 dissociative fugue DEFINITION 22 amnesia for one's own identity, disappear then reappear TERM 23 personality disorders DEFINITION 23 psychological disorders characterized by inflexible, long- standing maladaptive traits that caused impaired function or great distress in one's life TERM 24 types of personality disorders DEFINITION 24 paranoid:suspicious mistrust, hypersensitivitycompulsiveantisocial:chronic violation of rights with no guilt, lack of conscious for wronging, often aggressive and ruthlessdependent:submissive and clingy, low self-esteemnarcissistic:need for constant admirationborderline:unstable relationships, behaviors, and moodsintroverted:lacks social relationships TERM 25 substance-related disorders DEFINITION 25 a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress TERM 26 addiction DEFINITION 26 compulsive drug craving and use it's a disease, caused by changes in the brain that result in compulsive cravings and dependence combination of many factors including genetics, environment, and behavior influence a person's risk TERM 27 dependence DEFINITION 27 physical: physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when drug is discontinuedpsychological: a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions TERM 28 psychoactive drug DEFINITION 28 a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood TERM 29 withdrawal DEFINITION 29 discomfort and distress that follow discontinued use of an addictive drugcan be physical or psychological TERM 30 tolerance DEFINITION 30 diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose requires user to take larger and larger doses to experience the same effect TERM 31 depressants DEFINITION 31 reduce neural activity, slow body function, disrupt memoryex. alcohol, barbiturates (tranquilizers), opiates (opium, morphine, heroin) TERM 32 stimulants DEFINITION 32 enhance neural activity, speed up body functioningex. caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, meth, cocaine, ecstasy TERM 33 hallucinogens DEFINITION 33 psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory inputex. LSD, marijuana TERM 34 mood disorders DEFINITION 34 psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes TERM 35 major depressive disorder DEFINITION 35 a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities TERM 46 twin studies (schizophrenia) DEFINITION 46 risk of developing is much higher for identical twinscomparing brain tissue of healthy vs schizophrenic twin (because have 100% of DNA in common) has shown us the differences in anatomy of brain of healthy and sick person TERM 47 diathesis-stress theory DEFINITION 47 refers to the interaction of genetics and environment to produce active disease TERM 48 psychotherapy DEFINITION 48 an emotionally charged and confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties TERM 49 biomedical therapy DEFINITION 49 prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology TERM 50 eclectic approach DEFINITION 50 depending on client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy most commonly used approach TERM 51 psychoanalysis DEFINITION 51 technique used by Freud. Freud believed that the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insightvery long, expensive therapy TERM 52 resistance DEFINITION 52 blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material; reluctance to work through or recognize unconscious thoughts or feelings TERM 53 transference DEFINITION 53 the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships hatred for a parent is transferred to the analyst TERM 54 humanistic therapy DEFINITION 54 client-centered therapy, developed by Carl Rogersaims to boost people's self-fulfillment by helping them grow in self- awareness and self-acceptance uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to promote clients' growth therapist listens and reflects without any judgment TERM 55 active listening DEFINITION 55 empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies TERM 56 unconditional positive regard DEFINITION 56 a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude that would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance TERM 57 behavior therapy DEFINITION 57 therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors replace negative behaviors with new useful ones through operant or classical conditioning classical: procedures that condition new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviorsoperant: procedures in which new, voluntary behaviors are shaped or created in order to reduce or replace maladaptive behaviors TERM 58 exposure therapy DEFINITION 58 type of counterconditioning (classical) that treats anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid TERM 59 systematic desensitization DEFINITION 59 type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli often used to treat phobias TERM 60 virtual reality exposure therapy DEFINITION 60 type of exposure therapy that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as flying or spiders TERM 71 antipsychotic drugs DEFINITION 71 drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other severe though disorders TERM 72 antianxiety drugs DEFINITION 72 drugs used to control anxiety and agitation TERM 73 psychosurgery DEFINITION 73 surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior TERM 74 antidepressant drugs DEFINITION 74 drugs used to treat depression increase serotonin TERM 75 electroconvulsive therapy DEFINITION 75 biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain while they are anesthetized helpful, not as scary as its reputation, causes mild memory loss of time right before the procedure TERM 76 lobotomy DEFINITION 76 once used to control emotional or violent patients cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to emotion- controlling centers of brain often made the people flat and emotion-less, less caring TERM 77 therapeutic lifestyle change DEFINITION 77 can improve on your own by getting aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure, social connection, nutritional supplements, and no rumination