Download Soil Terminology and Characteristics and more Quizzes Geography in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 soil DEFINITION 1 dynamic, natural layer on earth's surface that is a complex mixture of inorganic minerals, organic material, microorganisms, water, and air TERM 2 integration of the spheres: DEFINITION 2 atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere TERM 3 4 major components of soil DEFINITION 3 inorganic materials, soil water, soil air, organic matter TERM 4 inorganic materials DEFINITION 4 rock fragments and minerals TERM 5 soil water DEFINITION 5 precipitation that is not evaporated or runoff is absorbed TERM 6 soil air DEFINITION 6 air fills in porous voids, usually a high proportion of carbon dioxide TERM 7 organic matter DEFINITION 7 decayed remains of plant and animal material TERM 8 general characteristics of soil DEFINITION 8 color, texture, structure, acidity TERM 9 soil color DEFINITION 9 related to its physical and chemical characteristics; most visible and obvious TERM 10 red soils DEFINITION 10 high iron TERM 21 Cl,O,R,P,T DEFINITION 21 climateorganic activityreliefparent materialtime TERM 22 soil and climate DEFINITION 22 influences soil development on regional+ scalestemperature and precipitation TERM 23 temperature DEFINITION 23 warmer ___ increases organic material (humus) TERM 24 precipitation DEFINITION 24 most important climate factorsource of soil moistureextreme ____ may leach soil of nutrients TERM 25 soil and organic activity DEFINITION 25 microorganisms living in soilvegetation protects soil from erosioncanopy produces surface litter TERM 26 soil and relief DEFINITION 26 steepness of the slope and surface runoff- minimizes soil water and increases erosionslope aspect- effects regions outside tropics--N hemisphere: north slopes are cooler and wetter TERM 27 relief DEFINITION 27 difference btw high and low area TERM 28 aspect DEFINITION 28 direction it faces TERM 29 soil and parent material DEFINITION 29 rock fragments and minerals either from the area (residual) or transported from another area (transported)most influential on a local scale and over a shorter time period (old soils loose characteristics)particles size directly effects a soils texture and structure TERM 30 soil and time DEFINITION 30 soils become more mature and approach a state of equilibriumsoils tend to loose the characteristics of their parent material and begin to reflect their climate and vegetation
