Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024, Exams of Nursing

Download Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 physiologic jaundice - Correct Answers ✅A 3-day old infant is noted to have a mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin level and icterus. Your concern is that this child may have: a. physiologic jaundice b. kernicterus c. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency d. pathologic jaundice Lysosomes - Correct Answers ✅Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury? a. lysosomes b. ribosomesc. smooth endoplasmi c reticulum d. golgi complex Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction? A) lysosomes B) peroxisomes Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 C) ribosomes D) oxyhydrosomes - Correct Answers ✅Ans: B- peroxisomes Contain organelles and complex internal membranes - Correct Answers ✅The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes: a. all of these answers are correct b. are smaller in size c. contain organelles d. have no nuclear membrane What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? A) enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthese B) influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production C) edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production D) potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure - Correct Answers ✅Ans: B- influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 C) the rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than thos of lean adults D) the thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively - Correct Answers ✅Ans: A- adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling Epigenetic modifications - Correct Answers ✅What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one of a pair of identical twins? a. genomic imprinting b. epigenetic modifications c. methylation d. transgenerational inheritance RNA is synthesized from a DNA template - Correct Answers ✅Transcription is best defined as a process by which a. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence b. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA. c. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for protein synthesis d. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 nondisjunction error - Correct Answers ✅What is the most common cause of Down syndrome? a. paternal translocation b. paternal viral illness c. nondisjunction error d. maternal viral illness klinefelter - Correct Answers ✅A person with XXXY has the genetic disorder called __________ syndrome. a. down b. fragile x c. klinefelter d. turner autosomal recessive - Correct Answers ✅Cystic fibrosis is caused by an __________________ gene. a. x-linked dominant b. autosomal recessive c. autosomal dominant d. x-linked recessive Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma in hypernatremia? A) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink B) high sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the blood vessels into the brain cells, causing them to swell C) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls potassium out of the brain cells, which slows the synapses in the brain D) high sodium in the blood vessels draws chloride into the brain cells followed by water, causing the brain cells to swell - Correct Answers ✅Ans: A- high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink mitochondria - Correct Answers ✅Organelle that contains the code needed for oxidative phosphorylation is: a. mitochondria b. lysosomes c. nucleus d. vacuoles Apoptosis - Correct Answers ✅Programmed cell death is an active process of cellular self-destruction. It is also referred to as Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 exotoxins - Correct Answers ✅These are proteins released by bacteria during growth. a. endotoxins b. TNF c. exotoxins d. pili True - Correct Answers ✅Activation of the complement cascade may destroy pathogens directly and can activate with virtually every other component of the inflammatory response. True/False Considering the hypothalamus, a fever is produced by: A) endogenous pyrogen acting directly on the hypothalamus B) exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus C) immune complexes acting indirectly on the hypothalamus D) cytokines acting indirectly on the hypothalamus - Correct Answers ✅Ans: A- endogenous pyrogen acting directly on the hypothalamus Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 gram-negative bacteria - Correct Answers ✅One of the leading causes of death in the intensive care unit is the release of sufficient amounts of endotoxin resulting in endotoxic (septic) shock. The most common cause is: a. cachectin b. fungi c. gram-positive bacteria d. gram-negative bacteria candida albicans - Correct Answers ✅The most common cause of fungal infections in humans are a. staphylococcus b. candida albicans c. gram-negative bacteria d. salmonella wilms tumor - Correct Answers ✅Which one of the childhood cancers is associated with the tumor suppressor genes? a. wilms tumor b. acute leukemia c. cerebellar hemagioblastoma Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 d. testicular tumor blood-forming cells - Correct Answers ✅Leukemia refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin? a. connective tissue b. epithelial cells c. glandular tissue d. blood-forming cells Two "hits" are required to inactivate tumor-suppressor genes because: A) each allele must be altered and each person has two copies, or alleles, of each gene, one from each parent B) the first hit stops tissue growth and the second hit is needed to cause abnormal tissue growth C) tumor-suppressor genes are larger than proto-oncogenes, requiring two hits to effect carcinogenesis D) the first hit is insufficient to cause enough damage to cause a mutation - Correct Answers ✅Ans: A- each allele must be altered and each person has two copies, or alleles, of each gene, one from each parent Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 D) spinal shock immediately after the injury - Correct Answers ✅Ans: B- breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely - Correct Answers ✅How do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase? a. Use it to repair the telomere to restore somatic cell growth b. Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely c. Switch off the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely d. Use it as an intracellular signaling chemical to stimulate cell division human papillomavirus - Correct Answers ✅The major virus involved in cervical cancer is a. human papillomavirus b. human cervical endogenous virus c. herpes simplex virus d. human immunodeficiency virus What term is used to describe the complication that can result from a spinal cord injury above T6 that is producing paroxysmal hypertension, as well as piloerection ans sweating above the spinal cord lesion? Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 A) craniosacral dysreflexia B) parasympathetic dysreflexia C) autonomic hyperreflexia D) retrograde hyperreflexia - Correct Answers ✅Ans: C- autonomic hyperreflexia anti-oncogenes - Correct Answers ✅umor suppressor genes encode proteins that in their normal state negatively regulate proliferation. They are also called a. anti-oncogenes b. proto-oncogenes c. mutation of RAS gene d. oncogenes Multiple sclerosis is best described as: A) a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus B) inadequate supply of acetylcholine at the neurotransmitter junction as a result of an autoimmune disorder C) the depletion of dopamine in the CNS as a result of a virus Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 D) a degenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons caused by viral-immune factors - Correct Answers ✅Ans: A- a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus deep venous thrombosis - Correct Answers ✅What is the usual source of this condition in the lung from an obese smoker who had sudden death? a. valvular disease b. left heart failure c. endocartitis d. deep venous thrombosis Graves disease develops from: A) a viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid hormone B) an autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous tissue replace thyroid tissue C) thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin, which causes overproduction of thyroid hormones D) ingestion of goitrogenes, which inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, causing goiter - Correct Answers ✅Ans: D- ingestion of Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 c. restrictive d. septal acute pericarditis - Correct Answers ✅A patient complains of sudden onset of severe chest pain that radiates to the back and worsens with respiratory movement and when lying down. These clinical manifestations describe a(n): a. acute pericarditis b. pericardial effusion c. myocardial infarction d. restrictive pericarditis Type 2 diabetes mellitus is best described as: A) resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues B) the needs for lispro intead of regular insulin C) an increase in glucagon secretion from (alpa) cells of the pancreas D) the presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy (beta) cells in the pancreas - Correct Answers ✅Ans: A- resistance to insulin by insulin- sensitive tissues Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 mitral valve prolapse - Correct Answers ✅Which predominantly female valvular disorder is thought to have an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, as well as being associated with connective tissue disease? a. tricuspid valve prolapse b. tricuspid prolapse c. mitral valve prolapse d. aortic stenosis A person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes experiences hunger, lightheadedness, tachycardia, pallor, headache, and confusion. The most probable cause of these symptoms is: A) hyperglycemia caused by incorrect insulin administration B) the dawn phenomenon from eating a snack before bedtime C) hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise D) Somogyi effect from insulin sensitivity - Correct Answers ✅Ans: C- hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise bacterium - Correct Answers ✅Infective endocarditis is most often caused by a: a. rickettsiae Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 b. fungus c. bacterium d. virus Hypoglycemia followed by rebound hyperglycemia, is observed in those with: A) the Somogyi effect B) the dawn phenomenon C) diabetic ketoacidosis D) hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome - Correct Answers ✅Ans: A- the Somogyi effect right heart failure - Correct Answers ✅A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures may result from this condition? a. low output failure b. high output failure c. right heart failure d. left heart failure Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 b. atrial septal defect (ASD) c. patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) d. ventricular septal defect (VSD) Which statement best describes a Schilling test? A) administration of radioactive cbalamin and the measurement of its excretion in the urine to test for vitamin B12 deficiency B) measurement of anigen-antibody immune complexes in the blood to test for hemolytic anemia C) measurement of serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity in the blood to test for iron deficiency anemia D) administration of folate and measurement in two hours of its level in a blood sample to test for folic acid deficiency - Correct Answers ✅Ans: A- administration of radioactive cbalamin and the measurement of its excretion in the urine to test for vitamin B12 deficiency In aplastic anemis (AA), pancytopenia develops as a result of which of the following? A) suppression of erythropoietin to produce adequate amounts of erythrocytes Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 B) suppression of the bone marrow to produce adequte amounts of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes C) lack of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to form sufficient quantitites of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes D) lact of stem cells toform sufficient quantities of leukocytes - Correct Answers ✅Ans: B- suppression of the bone marrow to produce adequate amounts of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes left to right shunts - Correct Answers ✅Congenital heart defects that cause acyanotic congestive heart failure usually involve: a. obstructive lesions b. left to right shunts c. right to left shunts d. mixed lesions Which statement is true regarding warm autoimmune hemotlytic anemia? A) warm autimmune hemolytic anemia occurs primarily in men B) it is self-limiting and rarely produces hemolysis C) erythrocytes are bound to macrophages and sequestered in the spleen Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 D) immunoglobulin M (IgM) coats erythrocytes and binds them to receptors on monocytes - Correct Answers ✅Ans: C- erythrocytes are bound to macrophages and sequestered in the spleen impairing alveolocapillary membrane diffusion - Correct Answers ✅Pulmonary edema and pulmonary fibrosis cause hypoxemia by: a. creating alveolar dead space b. impairing alveolocapillary membrane diffusion c. creating a right to left shunt d. decreasing the oxygen in inspired gas Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother: A) is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative B) is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive C) has type A blood and the fetus has type O blood D) has type AB blood and the fetus has type O blood - Correct Answers ✅Ans: B- is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive pulmonary emboli - Correct Answers ✅Alveolar dead space is a result of: Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 premature birth - Correct Answers ✅The chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RSD) of the newborn is: a. smoking during pregnancy b. premature birth c. low birth weight d. mother's alcohol consumption during the formation of lung What event is a characteristic of the function in Zone I of the lung? A) blood flow through the pulmonary capillary bed increases in regular increments B) alveolar pressure is greater than venouse pressure, but not greater than arterial pressure C) the capillary bed collapses and normal blood flow ceases D) blood flows through Zone I, but it is ipeded to a certain extent by alveolar pressure - Correct Answers ✅Ans: C- capillary bed collapses and normal blood flow ceases What factor associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) causes an infant to bruise and bleed easily? A) vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 B) bone marrow function depression C) iron, folate, and B12 deficiency anemias D) prescrbed daily warfarin (Coumadin) - Correct Answers ✅Ans: A- vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption vasospasm of one or more coronary arteries - Correct Answers ✅Prinzmetal angina pain is caused by: a. abnormal stretching of the ischemic myocardium b. buildup of lactic acid that irritates myocardial nerve fibers c. coronary embolus d. vasospasm of one or more coronary arteries classical, lectin, alternative - Correct Answers ✅3 pathways of the complement system aortic stenosis - Correct Answers ✅___________________ is the most common valvular abnormality affecting nearly 2% of adults older than 65 years of age. a. mitral stenosis b. aortic stenosis c. mitral regurgitation Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 d. aortic regurgitation Telomeres - Correct Answers ✅DNA at the tips of chromosomes, act as caps that protect internal regions of the chromosomes asthma - Correct Answers ✅This is classified as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa that causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness, constriction of the airways and variable airflow obstruction that is reversible. a. pneumonia b. asthma c. COPD d. upper respiratory infection Strains of Hepatitis - Correct Answers ✅A,B,C,D,E hepatitis a - Correct Answers ✅A 45-yo female is informed that she has hepatitis. She has been traveling recently and was told that the form that she has is self-limiting and is transferred via the fecal-oral route. Which of the following types of hepatitis is she most likely to have contracted? a. hepatitis c Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 Factors that contribute to edema in nephrotic syndrome - Correct Answers ✅Hypoalbuminemia and sodium retention primary bladder cancer - Correct Answers ✅Oncogenes of the ras gene family and tumor-supressor genes including TP53 mutations are mainly implicated in: a. primary bladder cancer b. pancreatitis c. cholecystitis d. glomerulonephritis types of glomerulonephritis in children - Correct Answers ✅PSGN (post streptococcal glomerulonephritis), IgA nephropathy splenomegaly - Correct Answers ✅The MOST common sign of portal hypertension in children is: a. splenomegaly b. ascites c. hepatic encephalopathy d. upper gastrointestinal bleeding Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 glomerular injury - Correct Answers ✅Nephrotic syndrome in adults is characteristic of: a. glomerular injury b. diabetic nephropathy c. acute kidney injury d. acute tubular necrosis The GFR increases, achieving adults level by what age - Correct Answers ✅Two A small kidney with decreased number of nephrons - Correct Answers ✅Hypoplastic kidney renal cell carcinoma - Correct Answers ✅A 55 yo african-american male with a hx of obesity, tobacco use, and hypertension presents to your clinic with c/o hematuria and dull, aching flank pain. The MOST LIKELY diagnosis would be: a. prostatitis b. renal cell carcinoma c. acute pyelonephritis d. diverticulitis Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 staph aureus - Correct Answers ✅The microorganisms usually associated wtih acute pyelonephritis include all EXCEPT: a. pseudomonas b. proteus c. staph aureus d. E. coli Benign vs malignant cancer tumor - Correct Answers ✅Well demarcation in benign all of the above - Correct Answers ✅GERD causes inflammatory responses in the esophageal wall resulting in: a. erosion and ulcerations b. tissue fragility c. hyperemia d. all of the above sarcoma - Correct Answers ✅Cancers arising from the mesenchymal tissue usually have the suffix Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 b. < 25% c. 25% d. 50% Types of Angina - Correct Answers ✅stable, unstable, variant/printzmetal, silent prerenal - Correct Answers ✅On POD #1, your patient is noted to have an elevated creatinine. The most likely cause would be__________? a. non-oliguric b. intrarenal c. prerenal d. postrenal Graves disease - Correct Answers ✅the most common form of hyperthyroidism; caused by an autoimmune defect that creates antibodies that stimulate the overproduction of thyroid hormones; exophthalmos is a featured characteristic hypernatremia - Correct Answers ✅The features of nephrotic syndrome include all EXCEPT? Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 a. hyperlipidemia b. infection c. orbital edema d. hypernatremia pericarditis - Correct Answers ✅inflammation of the pericardium myasthenia gravis - Correct Answers ✅Functional dysphagia can be seen in a patient with: a. myasthenia gravis b. tumor c. GERD d. esophageal stricture Disorders of the posterior pituitary - Correct Answers ✅SIADH and DI alcohol abuse - Correct Answers ✅The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis isa. coagulative necrosisb. obstructionc. vascular damaged. alcohol abuse Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 Right heart failure most often results from: - Correct Answers ✅Severe left heart failure primary hyperthyroidism - Correct Answers ✅When examining the results of a patient's thyroid studies, what would be the correct diagnosis if the labs revealed a decreased TSH, increased free T4, increased total T4 and increased T3? a. hyperparathyroidism b. myxedema c. hypothyroidism d. secondary hyperthyroidism e. primary hyperthyroidism Types of valvular dysfunction - Correct Answers ✅Stenosis, regurgitation, MVP acromegaly - Correct Answers ✅A 45 year-old female presents to your clinic with high blood pressure, increased body odor and sweating that has become offensive to her family as well as difficulty sleeping due to a feeling that her tongue is becoming larger and she feels like she has arthritis. She is diagnosed as: a. cushings disease b. acromegaly Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 Occlusion or partial occlusion of pulmonary artery or it's branches by an embolus - Correct Answers ✅Pulmonary embolism ADH - Correct Answers ✅With diabetes insipidus, insufficient levels of _________ lead to polyuria and polydipsia? a. GH b. ADP c. IGF-1 d. ADH infected pleural effusion - Correct Answers ✅empyema type I DM - Correct Answers ✅DKA is most commonly associated with: a. type I DM b. HHNKS c. diabetes insipidus d. type II DM cushing disease - Correct Answers ✅Weight gain and accumulation of adipose tissue in the trunk, face and cervical areas is seen with: Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 a. hypothyroidism b. metabolic syndrome c. graves disease d. cushing disease Emphysema/Chronic Bronchitis - Correct Answers ✅Results from destruction of elastin in alveolar septa and loss of passive elastic recoil Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex - Correct Answers ✅Cushing, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hyperaldosteronism, hypersecretion of adrenal androgens and estrogens, adrenocortical hypodunction negative feedback system - Correct Answers ✅The most common type of monitoring and control system for our hormones is: a. positive feedback system b. down regulation c. negative feedback system d. up regulation Acute complications of diabetes - Correct Answers ✅Hypoglycemia, DKA, HHNKS, Somogyi effect, dawn phenomenon Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 Prolatin - Correct Answers ✅The most common hormonally active pituitary tumor in both men and women is: a. prolactin b. ACTH c. TSH d. FSH e. oxytocin Two common types of IBD - Correct Answers ✅Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis gonorrhea and chlamydia - Correct Answers ✅Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is most often caused by a. HIV b. E. coli c. H. influenze d. gonorrhea and chlamydia Vesicollobullous disorders - Correct Answers ✅Pemphigus, bulbous pemphigoid, erythema multiforme, SJS, TEN Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 Progesterone - Correct Answers ✅What hormone produced by the ovary is in greatest supply during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle? a. progesterone b. follistatin c. estradiol d. estrogen red meat - Correct Answers ✅Which of the following exposures to diet can cause an increased risk of breast cancer? a. soy b. red meat c. fiber d. low fat diet varicocele - Correct Answers ✅This condition is an abnormal dilation of a vein within the spermatic cord and is classically described as a "bag of worms". a. balanitis b. hydrocele c. varicocele Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 d. spermatoceles endogenous pyrogen acting directly on the hypothalamus - Correct Answers ✅Considering the hypothalamus, a fever is produced by: A) endogenous pyrogen acting directly on the hypothalamus B) exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus C) immune complexes acting indirectly on the hypothalamus D) cytokines acting indirectly on the hypothalamus medulla oblongata - Correct Answers ✅Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain? A) pons B) midbrain C) cerebellum D) medulla oblongata breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm - Correct Answers ✅The edema of the upper cervical cord after a spinal cord injury is considered life threatening because of which possible outcome? A) hypovolemic shock from blood loss during the injury Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 B) breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm C) head injury that likely occurred during the injury D) spinal shock immediately after the injury autonomic hyperreflexia - Correct Answers ✅What term is used to describe the complication that can result from a spinal cord injury above T6 that is producing paroxysmal hypertension, as well as piloerection ans sweating above the spinal cord lesion? A) craniosacral dysreflexia B) parasympathetic dysreflexia C) autonomic hyperreflexia D) retrograde hyperreflexia a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus - Correct Answers ✅Multiple sclerosis is best described as: A) a CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus B) inadequate supply of acetylcholine at the neurotransmitter junction as a result of an autoimmune disorder C) the depletion of dopamine in the CNS as a result of a virus D) a degenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons caused by viral-immune factors Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 the Somogyi effect - Correct Answers ✅Hypoglycemia followed by rebound hyperglycemia, is observed in those with: A) the Somogyi effect B) the dawn phenomenon C) diabetic ketoacidosis D) hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome where the columnar epithelium of the cervix meets the squamous epithelium of the vagina - Correct Answers ✅Where is the usual site of cervical dysplasia or cancer in situ? A) wher the squamos epithelium of the cervix meets the cuboidal epithelium of the vagina B) where the columnar epithelium fo the cervix meets the squamous epithelium of the uterus C) where the squamous epithelium of the cervix meets the columnar epithelium of the uterus D) where the columnar epithelium of the cervix meets the squamous epithelium of the vagina suppression of the bone marrow to produce adequate amounts of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes - Correct Answers ✅In aplastic anemis (AA), pancytopenia develops as a result of which of the following? Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 A) suppression of erythropoietin to produce adequate amounts of erythrocytes B) suppression of the bone marrow to produce adequte amounts of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes C) lack of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to form sufficient quantitites of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes D) lact of stem cells toform sufficient quantities of leukocytes erythrocytes are bound to macrophages and sequestered in the spleen - Correct Answers ✅Which statement is true regarding warm autoimmune hemotlytic anemia? A) warm autimmune hemolytic anemia occurs primarily in men B) it is self-limiting and rarely produces hemolysis C) erythrocytes are bound to macrophages and sequestered in the spleen D) immunoglobulin M (IgM) coats erythrocytes and binds them to receptors on monocytes is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive - Correct Answers ✅Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother: A) is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative B) is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Finals Exams Question & Answers 2024 C) has type A blood and the fetus has type O blood D) has type AB blood and the fetus has type O blood A- vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption - Correct Answers ✅What factor associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) causes an infant to bruise and bleed easily? A) vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption B) bone marrow function depression C) iron, folate, and B12 deficiency anemias D) prescrbed daily warfarin (Coumadin)