An Introduction to Animal Behavior and Communication: Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Biology

Download An Introduction to Animal Behavior and Communication: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Innate Behavior DEFINITION 1 Fixed Action Patter -Require a releaser TERM 2 Conditioning DEFINITION 2 Innate behavior due to novel stimulus TERM 3 Classical Conditioning DEFINITION 3 Innate response through novel stimulus -Pavlov's Dog TERM 4 Operant Conditioning DEFINITION 4 Innate Behavior plus trial and error -Skinners Box TERM 5 Insight Learning DEFINITION 5 Ability to reason plus trial and error TERM 6 Instinct DEFINITION 6 Instinct is a conditiong bias -Genetic propensity to learn certain things Sheep dog vs. cat in ability to herd TERM 7 Imprinting DEFINITION 7 Programmed Learning -Critical time in which imprinting can occur ex. birds need to hear the species specific song to sing it TERM 8 Communication DEFINITION 8 The production of a signal by one organsim that causes other organism to change it's behavior -Conspecifics: other members of your species -Can use any of all 5 senses TERM 9 Chemical Communication DEFINITION 9 Pheromones: Transmist message to conspecifics -Alarm Pheromone: many insects -Territory Pheromone: Urnie -Food Finding: Ant Chemical Communication -usually a very short distance -VERY species specific -can persist a long time - limited array of messages TERM 10 Visual Communication DEFINITION 10 Active: Movement Passive: Coloration Visual Communication -short range -instantaneous -doesn't alert predators -useless for animals with poor vision, or in the dark, or in dense vegtation -animals have to be watching TERM 21 Population Control DEFINITION 21 We need to control it Our growth is too steap TERM 22 Abiotic and Biotic Factors DEFINITION 22 Abiotic Factors: Uncontrolable -catastrophic weather -a regular disturbance Biotic Factors: Interactions between and within species -often antagonistic -have denisty dependent birth and death TERM 23 Competition: Exploitation DEFINITION 23 One species uses a resource, excluding others ex. space, light TERM 24 Competition: Interference DEFINITION 24 Access to the resource is actively blocked -food is being fought for TERM 25 Intraspecific Competition DEFINITION 25 When individuals within a species compete for limiting resources TERM 26 Interspecific Competition DEFINITION 26 Individuals of differnet species also compete for limiting resources TERM 27 Niche DEFINITION 27 A multi-dimensial "volume" enclosing the resources used by a given species Fundamental Niche: niche a species could potentially occupy Realized Niche: niche a species actually does occupy with competition TERM 28 Species Coexistence(Niche) DEFINITION 28 No two species can occupy the same niche Outcome of Interspecific competition -1)Competitive Exclusion: weaker competitor goes locally extinct -2)Resource Partitioning: use different realized niches so that overlap is decreased - 3)Character displacement: Individuals that don't compete leave more offspring TERM 29 Huffaker's Orange Experiment DEFINITION 29 Complex Environment: Trays of oranges and orange rubber balls -Predators wast time looking for prey Hide and Seek - Predator efficency reduced in complex habitats TERM 30 Adaptions due to Species Interactions DEFINITION 30 Structural -Plants: Spines and Thornes -Puffer Fish: Fish swells up so animal can't eat the larger fish Chemical -Plants: Nicotine, Caffeine TERM 31 Mimicry DEFINITION 31 Similarity in apperance between two species arising by natural selection TERM 32 Batesian Mimicry DEFINITION 32 A harmless, tasty species evolves similarity to a harmful or nasty species -Coral and King Snakes Benefits mimic and hurts model Cap on frequency of mimic TERM 33 Mullerian Mimicry DEFINITION 33 Distasteful or harmful species evolve to resemble each other No cap on frequency Benefits mimic and model TERM 34 Coevolution DEFINITION 34 Species interactions can produce reciprocal forces of natural selection ex.Predation 1. predation favors prey that can escape 2. prey evolve defense 3.Predators develop more defenses 4. ARMS RACE