Physical Geology Exam II - October 2, 2006 - Prof. Kenneth A. Eriksson, Exams of Geology

Download Physical Geology Exam II - October 2, 2006 - Prof. Kenneth A. Eriksson and more Exams Geology in PDF only on Docsity! PHYSICAL GEOLOGY 1004 EXAM II — October 2, 2006 FORM B SECTION 1 CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER AND FILL IN THE NUMBER ON THE OPSCAN SHEET. 1. Examples of only minerals are 1. andesite, pyroxene, and olivine 2. mica, gabbro, and feldspar 3. olivine, granite and feldspar 4. feldspar, quartz, and mica 2. If someone informed you that a highly explosive volcanic eruption had taken place at an undisclosed location, and that ash and gases killed several hundred people, you would inform that person that the rock type being formed by cooling of the lava is probably: 1. ultramafic 3. mafic in composition 2. felsic or intermediate in composition 4. basalt 3. Mafic implies 1. rich in Na, K, and Si 2. rich in Fe, Mg, and Ca 3. 1 and 2 4. neither 1 nor 2 4. Compaction and cementation are processes which result in: 1. loss of porosity 2. lithification 3. consolidation of sediment into a rock 4. all of the above 5. none of the above 5. A sediment with well sorted and well rounded particles most likely: 1. formed on a beach 2. would be found very near its source 3. would form in the weathering environment 4. would be made up of halite 6. The most common precipitates from evaporating waters include: 1. Calcite, gypsum and halite 2. quartz and calcite 3 3. pyroxene and olivine 4 4. zircon 7. Coal is formed through 1. precipitation of carbon in marine sediments 2. compression of plant remains 3. detrital carbonates 5 4. all of the above 8. Cross bedding is indicative of 1. Mass wasting 2. One-directional water movement 3. Two-directional water movement 6 4. Chemical weathering. 9. The degree of connectedness of open spaces in a rock is: 1. pumice 3. holiness 2. porosity 4. permeability 10. If an igneous rock melts at 600 degrees centigrade and the geothermal gradient in an area is 30 degrees per kilometer, at what depth will melting occur? 1. 20 km 2. 40 km 3. 30 km 4. 50 km 11. The source of a sandstone containing pyroxene was probably a 1. gabbro 2. granodiorite 3. rhyolite 7 4. granite. 12. The order of processes which best describes the transformation of an igneous rock into a sedimentary rock is 1. transportation, erosion , deposition, weathering 2. erosion, deposition, transportation and weathering 3. weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition 4. deposition, weathering, transportation, and erosion 13. In an enclosed basin, with evaporating water, which mineral would form at the highest salinities: 1. gypsum 3. calcite 2. halite 4. quartz 14. Chemical weathering is most prevalent where 1. there is low precipitation and a hot climate 2. there is a cold climate and low precipitation 3. there are high rates of sedimentation. 4. there is high precipitation and a hot climate. 15. Clay minerals produced in the weathering environment are: 1. Minerals resistant to weathering 2. Iron oxides 3. New minerals consisting mainly of calcium carbonate 4. New minerals consisting mainly of aluminum, silicon and oxygen SECTION 2 FIND THE BEST TERM TO COMPLETE THESE STATEMENTS USING THE LIST AT THE END OF THE EXAM. FILL IN THE NUMBER (1-10) ON THE OPSCAN SHEET. 31. Arid region soils are characterized by the accumulation of _______ in the B Horizon. 32. Chemical weathering of limestone produces ___________. 33. Turbidity currents deposit __________. 34. Organisms such as corals and clams precipitate ______ as part of their life cycle. 35. Felsic lavas are low temperature and high _________ flows. 36. Rock consisting mainly of pyroxene, olivine and Ca-feldspar is confined to the _______ crust. 37. Composite volcanos form along _______ plate boundaries. 38. Ultramafic igneous rocks make up the Earth’s _________. 39. The islands of Hawaii decrease in elevation to the northwest because of weathering and ________. 40. Tiny fragments of pyroclastic material that has been blown into the atmosphere by explosive volcanic activity is referred to as _______ . 41. ________ acid is be formed by CO2 dissolving in rainwater. 42. _______ solutions have a pH of less than 7. 43. The mineral that is most resistant to chemical weathering is _______. 44. _________ are small sand-sized spheres of calcite that have been directly precipitated from seawater. 45. Factors that influence weathering are rock type, slope, and _________. 46. Lithification of sedimentary rocks involves compaction and _______. 47. Weathering of feldspar produces __________. 48. The mineral halite precipitates from solution at higher salinities than _________ 49. Chemical reaction between iron and oxygen produces ____. 50. Limestones are examples of ______ sedimentary rocks. ANSWERS FOR MATCHING QUESTIONS IN SECTION B 1. Acidic 2. Ash 3. Batholith 4. Basic 5. Biochemical 6. Bombs 7. Calcite 8. Carbonic 9. Caves 10. Cementation 1. Concordant 2. Continental 3. Convergent 4. Clastic 5. Clays 6. Climate 7. Cooling 8. Crust 9. Disintegration 10. Divergent 1. Feldspar 2. Frost Wedging 3. Graded beds 4. Gypsum 5. Halite 6. Hawaii 7. Heating 8. Iceland 9. Lithosphere 10. Mantle 1. Oceanic 2. Obsidian 3. Ooids or Oolites 4. Pillows 5. Quartz 6. Rhyolite 7. Rust 8. Shield volcano 9. Sulfuric 10. Viscosity