Download Historical Terms and Definitions: Ancient Civilizations and Pivotal Figures and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 2nd Punic War DEFINITION 1 WHEN: (218-201 BC) WHERE: Rome vs. Carthage, WHAT: Hannibal (Carthage) marches over the Alps with elephants, SIGNIFICANCE: Roman Republic wins with help of allies united against Hannibal, gain control of the Western Mediterranean TERM 2 Battle of Thermopylae DEFINITION 2 WHEN: (480 BC) WHERE: Greece WHAT: Sparta versus Persia during 2nd Persian invasion of Greece, Xerxes leads Persia, Leonidas leads Sparta, SIGNIFICANCE: all Spartans die, Persia is able to advance towards Athens TERM 3 Boabdil DEFINITION 3 WHO: Muhammad XII, ruler of Granada WHERE: modern Spain, Portugal, and Andorra WHEN: 1492 SIGNIFICANCE: surrendered Granada to Ferdinand and Isabella, ending Muslim control of Spain, famous for "last sigh of the moor" TERM 4 Code Noir DEFINITION 4 WHAT: Decree passed by Lois XIV WHEN: 1685 WHERE: Issued in France SIGNIFICANCE: defined conditions of slavery in the French colonial empire, restricted activities of free blacks, demanded only the practice of Roman Catholicism, ordered all Jews out of French colonies. TERM 5 Democracy in Greece DEFINITION 5 WHEN: 500 BC WHERE: Ancient Greece, Athens WHAT: One of the first known democracies, SIGNIFICANCE: most powerful, stable and well documented direct democracy, influenced by Draco and Solon TERM 6 Draco DEFINITION 6 WHO: first legislator of ancient Athens WHEN: 622 BC WHERE: ancient Greece SIGNIFICANCE: introduced the first written law code in ancient Greece, known for extreme measures and harsh punishments TERM 7 encomienda DEFINITION 7 WHERE: Spanish colonies in Latin America and Indonesia WHEN: 16th century WHAT: labor system used by the Spanish during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and Philippines, recipient is expected to educate and care for Native American slaves and expose them to Catholicism, SIGNIFICANCE: eventually became corrupt and harsh TERM 8 Ernesto "Che" Guevara DEFINITION 8 WHERE: Cuba WHEN: 1960's WHO: Argentinean physician who becomes a guerrilla leader and Marxist SIGNIFICANCE: aids in Cuban Revolution along with Fidel and Raul Castro, worked in prison and other government positions TERM 9 Hadrian DEFINITION 9 WHO: emperor of Rome WHEN: 117-138 AD WHERE: ancient Rome SIGNIFICANCE: built a wall that spans across northern England, portion still remains TERM 10 Haitian Revolution DEFINITION 10 WHERE: Saint Dominique WHEN: (1791-1804) WHAT: revolution led by Francois Dominique Toussaint L'ouverture, SIGNIFICANCE: Saint Dominique becomes Haiti, followed by various struggles to power TERM 21 Solon DEFINITION 21 WHO: statesman, lawmaker, poet WHEN: ancient Greece WHERE: Athens SIGNIFICANCE: ended all outstanding debts, freed people from debt slavery, divided society into four classes based on wealth, all of whom are allowed to participate in governmental and judicial matters, increased individual representation TERM 22 Third Century Crisis DEFINITION 22 WHEN: 235284 AD WHERE: Roman Empire WHAT: empire nearly collapses under the combined pressures of invasion, civil war, plague, and economic depression, various army generals try to assume power SIGNIFICANCE: empire eventually splits TERM 23 Toussaint L'Ouverture DEFINITION 23 WHEN: 1743-1803 WHO: Leader of the Haitian Revolution WHERE: born in Saint-Domingue SIGNIFICANCE: led enslaved blacks in a long struggle for independence over French colonizers, abolished slavery, and secured "native" control over the colony, Haiti TERM 24 virgin soil epidemics DEFINITION 24 WHERE: New World colonies WHEN: 15th and 16th century WHAT: epidemics which struck at-risk populations who had not had contact with diseases and therefore no immunity TERM 25 ziggurat DEFINITION 25 Mesopotamian monuments formed by step pyramids
