Final Exam, part 1 | AST 191 - THE SOLAR SYSTEM, Quizzes of Astronomy

Download Final Exam, part 1 | AST 191 - THE SOLAR SYSTEM and more Quizzes Astronomy in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 When is the next solar eclipses for us? DEFINITION 1 1. August 21, 20172. April 8, 2024 TERM 2 Moon sweeps through shadow of Earth DEFINITION 2 Lunar Eclipse TERM 3 Why is a totally-eclipsed Moon not completely dark? DEFINITION 3 Earth's atmosphere bends (refracts) sunlight into its umbra, so umbra is not completely dark TERM 4 A total solar eclipse is only visible from___ DEFINITION 4 the narrow path of totality TERM 5 From where on Earth is a total lunar eclipse visible? DEFINITION 5 anywhere on the hemisphere facing the Moon TERM 6 How many lunar eclipses are there per year? DEFINITION 6 average of about 1 TERM 7 At a given location, how often is a total lunar eclipse visible? DEFINITION 7 once every two years TERM 8 Why are there not eclipses every month? DEFINITION 8 Moon's orbit tilted 5 degrees, so proper alignment does not usually occur TERM 9 On Earth if there is a new moon, what type of eclipse is possible? DEFINITION 9 Eclipse of Sun TERM 10 On Earth if there is a full moon, what type of eclipse is possible? DEFINITION 10 Eclipse of Moon TERM 21 Venus Fun Facts DEFINITION 21 brightest planet most similar to Earth in size very thick CO2 atmosphere temp constant at 860F rotates slowly backwards sun rises in the west every 4 months TERM 22 Earth Fun Facts DEFINITION 22 Only planet with: liquid water oxygen in atmosphere plate tectonics Some parts of Earth glow at night TERM 23 Mars Fun Facts DEFINITION 23 huge volcanoes many craters In Common with Earth: 24 hr day seasons polar caps TERM 24 Jupiter Fun Facts DEFINITION 24 largest, most massive no solid surface rotates in 10 hrs Great Red Spot is a massive storm TERM 25 Saturn Fun Facts DEFINITION 25 second largest second most massive no solid surface gorgeous ring system TERM 26 Uranus Fun Facts DEFINITION 26 first planet discovered (1781) no solid surface atmosphere same color (blue) thin ring system axis is tiled over by 90 degrees TERM 27 Neptune Fun Facts DEFINITION 27 discovered in 1846 furthest planet from the Sun no solid surface thin ring system Great Blue Spot is a massive storm TERM 28 If you were to divide up the planets into two groups how would you do so? DEFINITION 28 Terrestrial Planets Jovian Planets TERM 29 List the Terrestrial Planets DEFINITION 29 Mercury Venus Earth Mars TERM 30 Terrestrial Planets: Characteristics DEFINITION 30 closer to Sun smaller in diameter smaller in mass solid surfaces TERM 31 Jovian Planets: Characteristics DEFINITION 31 much farther from Sun much larger in diameter much larger in mass no solid surfaces contain most of the mass of planets in the solar system TERM 32 List the Jovian Planets DEFINITION 32 Jupiter Neptune Uranus Saturn TERM 33 Which group of planets has more satellites? DEFINITION 33 Jovian Planets TERM 34 The only satellite with an atmosphere: DEFINITION 34 Titan TERM 35 What type of surface do satellites have? DEFINITION 35 Solid Surfaces that are heavily cratered (like the Moon) TERM 46 The largest asteroid is ___ DEFINITION 46 Vesta TERM 47 How often do 15 foot near Earth objects hit the Earth: DEFINITION 47 once per year TERM 48 How often do 25 foot near Earth objects hit the Earth: DEFINITION 48 once per 5 years TERM 49 How often do 150 foot near Earth objects hit the Earth: DEFINITION 49 once per 1000 years TERM 50 How often do 1/2 mile near Earth objects hit the Earth: DEFINITION 50 once in 200,000 years TERM 51 How often do 3-4 mile near Earth objects hit the Earth: DEFINITION 51 once in 20 million years TERM 52 Do Near Earth Asteroids collide with Earth regularly? DEFINITION 52 Yes TERM 53 Do most collisions cause damage or make craters in the Earth? DEFINITION 53 No most asteroids break up in the air TERM 54 How often do crater-forming impacts occur? DEFINITION 54 At intervals of 10s of thousands of years TERM 55 How often do catastrophic impacts occur? DEFINITION 55 At intervals of 10s to 100s of millions of years TERM 56 He applied Newton's law of gravitation to determine the orbit of a comet seen in 1682. DEFINITION 56 Edmund Halley (1656-1742) TERM 57 What did Halley determine, suggest, and predict about the comet? DEFINITION 57 Determined the 1682 comet had the same orbit as those seen in 1531 and 1607. Suggested these were the same objects orbiting the Sun every 75-76 years. Predict the comet would reappear in 1758 and it did TERM 58 When is the next predicted passage close to Sun and Earth for the Halley Comet? DEFINITION 58 July 2061 TERM 59 2 ways comet nuclei are different from asteroids: DEFINITION 59 they contain dust and ices they orbit the Sun in very elongated orbits TERM 60 Where do comet nuclei come from? DEFINITION 60 Oort Cloud- vast region of space beyond the orbits of the planets TERM 71 Which geological processes require internal heat? DEFINITION 71 volcanism tectonics TERM 72 What Solar System object is much affected by erosion? DEFINITION 72 Earth Mars TERM 73 What Solar System object is least affected by erosion? DEFINITION 73 Moon Mercury TERM 74 bombardment by cosmic debris DEFINITION 74 Impact Cratering TERM 75 eruption of lava onto the surface DEFINITION 75 Volcanism TERM 76 the approximate time since surface has been significantly modified by geological processes DEFINITION 76 geological age of a solid surface on Earth, age may vary significantly from one locale to another because different things occur in different cities TERM 77 the time since formation of the entire object DEFINITION 77 physical age of a planet or satellite(4.5 billion years for objects in the Solar System) TERM 78 two ways to estimate geological age: DEFINITION 78 1. Radioisotopic Dating of Rocks requires samples of surface rocks chemical analysis of rock determines time since rock solidified from molten material 2.Crater Counting on Surface first, assume impacts have occurred throughout history of SS then, approximate geological age of a surface (can be estimated from number of craters on it) TERM 79 Shortly after formation, planets and satellites were___ DEFINITION 79 hot and molten inside TERM 80 Internal Heat in Planets: Where did the heat come from? DEFINITION 80 the processes that formed them TERM 81 What develops after the planet and satellites cool off? DEFINITION 81 A rigid outer layer develops TERM 82 Which group of planets did not develop a rigid outer layer? DEFINITION 82 Jovian Planets TERM 83 Smaller planets and satellites cool___ DEFINITION 83 faster TERM 84 Larger planets and satellites cool___ DEFINITION 84 slower TERM 85 ___accumulate on a solid surface over time DEFINITION 85 Impact Craters