Family & Social Sciences Glossary: Fatherhood, Mothering, Childhood, & Domestic Violence, Quizzes of Introduction to Sociology

Download Family & Social Sciences Glossary: Fatherhood, Mothering, Childhood, & Domestic Violence and more Quizzes Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 ambiguous loss DEFINITION 1 A situation of uncertainty and unclear loss, resulting from confusion about a family's boundaries, and from not knowing who is in or out of a particular family. TERM 2 authoritarian child rearing DEFINITION 2 A parenting style characterized by the demand for absolute obedience. TERM 3 conduct of fatherhood DEFINITION 3 Men's actual participation in raising their children. TERM 4 filial responsibility DEFINITION 4 Responsibility to see that one's aging parents have support, assistance, company and are well cared for. TERM 5 generativity DEFINITION 5 A commitment to guiding or nurturing others. TERM 6 ideology of intensive mothering DEFINITION 6 The belief that children need full-time, unconditional attention from mothers to develop into healthy, well- adjusted people. TERM 7 impaired fecundity DEFINITION 7 The experience of difficulty conceiving or carrying a pregnancy to term. TERM 8 indulgent child rearing DEFINITION 8 Permissive childrearing. TERM 9 medicalization of childbirth DEFINITION 9 The process wherein women receive impersonal care during childbirth, without having the opportunity to exercise control or have input over their experiences, and where the birth process entails routine but potentially unnecessary use of medical interventions. TERM 10 nonparental households DEFINITION 10 Households in which children live with no biological parents. TERM 21 crossover DEFINITION 21 A situation in which one's job-related emotional state affects one's partner in the same way. TERM 22 dual-career families DEFINITION 22 Subcategory of dual-earner families in whcih both partners or spouses have high achievement orientations, a greater commitment to equality, and a stronger desire to exercise their capabilities through their work. TERM 23 economic distress DEFINITION 23 The stressful aspects of the economic life of individuals or families, including unemployment, poverty, and worrying about money. TERM 24 engagement DEFINITION 24 A pledge to marry. TERM 25 Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 DEFINITION 25 U.S. policy requiring employers to provide employees 12 weeks of job-protected, unpaid leave from work to meet family or medical needs. Such a leave is required of employers who employ 50 or more employees. To qualify for such a leave, an employee must have been employed for 12 months by the same company and worked a minimum of 1,250 hours. TERM 26 family policy DEFINITION 26 A set of objectives concerning family well-being and specific measures initiated by government to achieve them. TERM 27 flextime DEFINITION 27 A policy allowing workers to choose and change their work schedules to meet family needs. TERM 28 gender ideology DEFINITION 28 The psychological sense of whether one is male or female. TERM 29 homemaker role DEFINITION 29 A family role usually allocated to women, in which they are primarily responsible for home management, child rearing, and the maintenance of kin relationships. Traditionally the role is associated with economic dependency and has primacy over other female roles. TERM 30 hostile environment DEFINITION 30 An environment created through sexual harassment in which the harassed person's ability to learn or work is negatively influenced by the harasser's actions. TERM 31 mental labor DEFINITION 31 The process of worrying about one's baby, seeking and processing information on child care, and managing the division of infant care in the household. TERM 32 role overload DEFINITION 32 The experience of having more prescribed activities in one or more roles than can be comfortably or adequately performed. TERM 33 role strain DEFINITION 33 Difficulties, tensions, or contradictions experienced in performing a role, often because of multiple role demands. TERM 34 self-care DEFINITION 34 Children under age 14 caring for themselves at home without supervision by an adult or older adolescent. TERM 35 sexual harassment DEFINITION 35 Deliberate or repeated unsolicited verbal comments, gestures, or physical contact that is sexual in nature and unwelcomed by the recipient. Two types of sexual harassment involve (1) the abuse of power and (2) the creation of a hostile environment. TERM 46 Duluth model DEFINITION 46 A multi-stage rehabilitative approach for batterers which emphasize helping batterers develop critical thinking skills around themes of nonviolence, respect, partnership and negotiation. TERM 47 extrafamilial sexual abuse DEFINITION 47 Child sexual abuse that is perpetrated by non-related individuals. TERM 48 gender symmetry DEFINITION 48 The similarity in survey estimates of male-on-female and female-on-male intimate partner violence. TERM 49 incest DEFINITION 49 Sexual intercourse between individuals too closely related to marry, usually interpreted to mean father/daughter, mother/son, brother/sister. TERM 50 intimate partner abuse and intimate partner violence DEFINITION 50 Are terms currently used to address the full scope of violence and/or abuse among intimate couples, regardless of gender, marital status or sexual orientation. TERM 51 intimate terrorism DEFINITION 51 Attempts by one partner to dominate and control the other through escalating violence, threats of further violence, and emotional abuse. Such violence is most often committed by men, is likely to recur, escalate, and lead to injury or death. TERM 52 intrafamilial sexual abuse DEFINITION 52 Child sexual abuse that is perpetrated by related individuals, including steprelatives. TERM 53 learned helplessness DEFINITION 53 Term to describe the state of mind experienced by a female victim of repeated battering, resulting in her developing a low self-concept and a feeling that she cannot control the circumstances of her life. TERM 54 mandatory arrest DEFINITION 54 A criminal justice policy requiring police who respond to a report of domestic violence to make an arrest if they determine that an incident of domestic abuse has occurred. TERM 55 mutual violent control DEFINITION 55 Relationships in which both partners are using violence in an effort to control each other and their relationship. TERM 56 no-drop prosecution DEFINITION 56 A criminal justice policy requiring prosecutors to proceed in prosecuting a case of alleged intimate violence as long as evidence exists, regardless of the expressed wishes of the victim. TERM 57 psychological aggression DEFINITION 57 Nonphysical form of mistreatment, typically of children by parents, consisting of the following kinds of behavior: shouting; threatening to hit; cursing at one's child; threatening to send child away; or calling one's child dumb or lazy. TERM 58 rape DEFINITION 58 Sexual act against a person's will or consent as defined by law, usually including sexual penetration by the penis or other object; it may not, however, necessarily include penile penetration of the vagina. TERM 59 retaliation thesis DEFINITION 59 The viewpoint that divorce may lead to more violence as men try to intimidate their ex-spouses into reconciliation or regain and exercise control over their former wives. TERM 60 safety-valve thesis DEFINITION 60 The viewpoint that divorce reduces the risk of violence by reducing the amount of physical contact between spouses. TERM 71 initiator DEFINITION 71 The spouse or partner whose unhappiness or dissatisfaction leads them to consider divorce or a break-up and sets in motion the process of "uncoupling." TERM 72 intergenerational transmission DEFINITION 72 The increased likelihood that children of divorced parents will themselves later divorce. TERM 73 joint custody DEFINITION 73 Custody arrangement in whcih both parents are responsible for the care of the child. Joint custody takes two forms : joint legal custody or joint physical custody. TERM 74 joint legal custody DEFINITION 74 Joint custody in which the child lives primarily with one parent but both parents jointly share in important decisions regarding the child's education, religious training, and general upbringing. joint physical custody: lives with both TERM 75 no-fault divorce DEFINITION 75 The dissolution of marriage because of irreconcilable differences for which neither party is held responsible. TERM 76 proximal causes DEFINITION 76 Experiences in the daily life of married couples that directly raise their probability of divorce. TERM 77 ratio measure of divorce DEFINITION 77 A statistical calculation reflecting the ration of the number of divorces in a given year to the number of marriages in that same year. TERM 78 separation distress DEFINITION 78 A psychological state following separation that may be characterized by depression, anxiety, intense loneliness, or feelings of loss. TERM 79 social integration DEFINITION 79 The degree of interaction between individuals and the larger community. TERM 80 split custody DEFINITION 80 Multiple children and split between parents. Usually mothers get daughters and fathers get sons. TERM 81 stations of divorce DEFINITION 81 The multiple experiences people have as their marriage ends. TERM 82 blended families DEFINITION 82 A family in which one or both partners have a child or children from an earlier marriage or relationship; a stepfamily. TERM 83 deficit approach DEFINITION 83 An approach to studying single-parent families which emphasizes the stresses and difficulties faced by parents and children. TERM 84 paternal claiming DEFINITION 84 Process by which setpfathers come to see stepchildren as their own. TERM 85 private safety nets DEFINITION 85 Social support for one's social network on which one can fall back in times of economic need.