Final Exam, part 1 | HIST 180 - World History Since 1500, Quizzes of World History

Download Final Exam, part 1 | HIST 180 - World History Since 1500 and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Yuan Shi-h'ai DEFINITION 1 Military General; led revolutionaries in 1912; eventually got elected as president of the new republic, but he was power hungry and wanted to become an emperor TERM 2 Suleiman the Magnificent DEFINITION 2 one of the greatest emperors in Ottoman history; reigned from 1520-1566 mad mant advancements for the Empire and was a great military leader TERM 3 Toyotomi Hideyoshi DEFINITION 3 was a daimyo in the Sengoku period who unified the political factions of Japan. TERM 4 Crimean War DEFINITION 4 the war fought mainly in the Crimea between Russia on one side and Turkey, France, Sardinia, and Britain on the other (1853-56) TERM 5 Devshirme DEFINITION 5 - tribute in blood) was the practice by which the Ottoman Empire conscripted boys from Christian families, who were taken from their families and by force converted to Islam, trained and enrolled in one of the four imperial institutions: the Palace, the Scribes, the Religious and the Military. TERM 6 Selim I DEFINITION 6 was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. He was also the first Ottoman Sultan to assume the title of Caliph of Islam. put his whole family to death ruled before Suleiman TERM 7 Giuseppe Garabaldi DEFINITION 7 Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882) TERM 8 Battle of Nations DEFINITION 8 The Battle of Leipzig or Battle of the Nations, fought on 16-19 October 1813, was one of the most decisive defeats suffered by Napoleon I. TERM 9 Otto von Bismarck DEFINITION 9 Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck (1 April 1815 - 30 July 1898) was a Prussian/German statesman of the late 19th century, and a dominant figure in world affairs. TERM 10 Safavid Empire DEFINITION 10 The Safavids were one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. TERM 21 Ems Dispatch DEFINITION 21 The Ems Dispatch (, ), sometimes called the Ems Telegram, caused France to declare the Franco-Prussian War in July 1870. The actual dispatch was an internal message from the Prussian King's vacationing site to Bismarck in Berlin, reporting demands made by the French ambassador; it was Bismarck's released statement to the press that became known as Ems Dispatch. TERM 22 Matteo Ricci DEFINITION 22 Matteo Ricci, SJ (October 6, 1552 - May 11, 1610; ; courtesy name: ) was an Italian Jesuit priest, and one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China Mission, as it existed in the 17th- 18th centuries. TERM 23 Oda Nobunaga DEFINITION 23 was the initiator of the unification of Japan under the rule of the Shogun in the late Sixteenth Century, a rule that ended only with the opening of Japan to the Western world in 1868. He was also a major daimyo during the Sengoku period of Japanese history. TERM 24 Treaty of Paris DEFINITION 24 1. (1783) a treaty signed on September 3, 1783, to end the Revolutionary War. Negotiated by British representatives and the U.S. delegates John Adams, John Jay, and Benjamin Franklin, it recognized U.S. independence and a western boundary to the Mississippi River, and gave the United States rights to Newfoundland fisheries. It recommended fair treatment of loyalists and the restoration of their property. TERM 25 Marquis de Condorcet DEFINITION 25 Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, marquis de Condorcet (; 17 September 1743 - 28 March 1794), known as Nicolas de Condorcet, was a French philosopher, mathematician, and early political scientist whose Condorcet method in voting tally selects the candidate who would beat each of the other candidates in a run-off election. TERM 26 Grand Mufti DEFINITION 26 The title of Grand Mufti () refers to the highest official of religious law in a Sunni Muslim country. TERM 27 Robespierre DEFINITION 27 Maximilien Franois Marie Isidore de Robespierre (; 6 May 1758 - 28 July 1794) is one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution. TERM 28 Liberalism DEFINITION 28 Liberalism (from the Latin liberalis, "of freedom") is the belief in the importance of individual liberty and equal rights. TERM 29 White Lotus Rebellion DEFINITION 29 The White Lotus Rebellion (, 1796-1804) was a rebellion that occurred during the Qing Dynasty of China. TERM 30 Ibrahim The Mad DEFINITION 30 succeeded his brother Murad IV in 1640. Inheriting all the cruelty and none of the ability of his brothers, Ibrahim brought the Empire almost to collapse in a very short space of time TERM 31 Treaty of Fontainbleau DEFINITION 31 an agreement established in Paris (Fontainebleau) on 11 April 1814 between Napoleon Bonaparte and representatives from Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, Russia, and Prussia. The treaty was signed at Paris on 11 April by the plenipotentiaries of both sides, and ratified by Napoleon on 13 April.[1] With this treaty, the allies ended Napoleon's rule as emperor of France and sent him into exile on Elba. TERM 32 Jacobins DEFINITION 32 a member of the most radical club founded during the French Revolution, which overthrew the Girondists in 1793 and, led by Maximilien Robespierre (1758-94), instituted the Reign of Terror TERM 33 Declaration of Pillnits DEFINITION 33 a statement issued at the Castle of Pillnitz in Saxony by Emperor Leopold II and Frederick William II of Prussia. Calling on European powers to intervene, this declaration was intended to serve as a warning to the French revolutionaries not to infringe further on the rights of Louis XVI, and to allow his restoration to power. It helped begin the French Revolutionary Wars. TERM 34 Mughal Empire DEFINITION 34 The Mughal Empire (, ; ; self-designation: , ), or Mogul (also Moghul) Empire in former English usage, was an Indian imperial power that ruled a large portion of the Indian subcontinent. TERM 35 Battle of Balaclava DEFINITION 35 The Battle of Balaclava Haro Prii, fought on 25 October 1854 during the Crimean War, was part of the Anglo-French- Turkish campaign to capture the port and fortress of Sevastopol, Russia's principal naval base on the Black Sea. TERM 46 Battle of Trafalgar DEFINITION 46 The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a sea battle fought between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of the French Navy and Spanish Navy, during the War of the Third Coalition (August-December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). TERM 47 Battle of Austerlitz DEFINITION 47 The Battle of Austerlitz, also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was Napoleon's greatest victory, where the French Empire effectively destroyed the Third Coalition. TERM 48 Seven Years War DEFINITION 48 1756 63) Major European conflict between Austria and its allies France, Saxony, Sweden, and Russia on one side against Prussia and its allies Hanover and Britain on the other. TERM 49 Napoleonic Code DEFINITION 49 The Napoleonic Code - or Code Napolon (originally, the Code civil des Franais) - is the French civil code, established under Napolon I in 1804. The code forbade privileges based on birth, allowed freedom of religion, and specified that government jobs go to the most qualified. TERM 50 Pope Alexander VI DEFINITION 50 Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 - 18 August 1503) (Valencian: Alexandre VI, ), born Roderic Llanol, later Roderic de Borja i Borja () was Pope from 1492 to 1503. He is one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, and his surname (Italianized as Borgia) became a byword for the debased standards of the Papacy of that era; the Borgia popes greatly weakened the moral authority of the Catholic Church. TERM 51 Battle of Waterloo DEFINITION 51 The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. TERM 52 Estates General DEFINITION 52 assembly of the estates of all France; last meeting in 1789 consisted of the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners TERM 53 Mandate of Heaven DEFINITION 53 a Chinese concept used to justify the rule of the kings of the Zhou Dynasty and later the Emperors of China. The concept of the Mandate of Heaven was based on the blessing of Heaven and that if a king ruled unwisely, Heaven would be displeased and would give the Mandate to someone else. TERM 54 Battle of Anfao DEFINITION 54 Definition