Sleep Disorders and Neurophysiology: A Comprehensive Glossary, Quizzes of Psychology

Download Sleep Disorders and Neurophysiology: A Comprehensive Glossary and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Sleep Paralysis DEFINITION 1 State of being unable to move just after falling asleep or right before waking up. A person's mind is conscious and aware but the body is unable to move. Part of Stage 5 (REM) sleep Can't move even though you are awake TERM 2 Consciousness DEFINITION 2 Our subjective experience of the world, our bodies, and our mental perspectives. TERM 3 Circadian Rhythm DEFINITION 3 Cyclical changes that occur on a roughly 24-hour basis in many biological processes. Controlled by Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (Biological Clock). TERM 4 Biological Clock DEFINITION 4 Term for the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus that's responsible for controlling our levels of alertness. TERM 5 Rapid Eye Movements (REM) DEFINITION 5 Darting of the eyes underneath the closed eyelids during sleep. Stage 5 of the sleep cycle TERM 6 non-REM (NREM) Sleep DEFINITION 6 Stages 1 through 4 of the sleep cycle, during which eye movements do not occur and dreaming is less frequent and less vivid. TERM 7 REM Sleep DEFINITION 7 Stage of sleep during which the brain is most active and during which vivid dreaming most often occurs. Stage 5 of the sleep cycle. TERM 8 Lucid Dreaming DEFINITION 8 Experience of becoming aware that one is dreaming. Realize if you see a cue. Can control the outcome. TERM 9 Insomnia DEFINITION 9 Difficulty falling and staying asleep. Having trouble falling asleep (30min +) Wake up too early Wake up in the middle of the night and can't fall asleep TERM 10 Restless Leg Syndrome DEFINITION 10 Urge to move our legs or other body parts, often when attempting to sleep. Urge to move legs. TERM 21 Past Life Regression Therapy DEFINITION 21 Therapeutic approach that hypnotizes and supposedly age- regresses patients back to a previous life to identify the source of a present-day problem. TERM 22 Sociocognitive Theory DEFINITION 22 Approach to hypnosis based on people's attitudes, beliefs, and expectations. People differ in suggestibility Expectations matter High suggestibles are much more likely to respond to suggestions during hypnosis than low suggestibles. TERM 23 Dissociation Theory DEFINITION 23 Approach to explaining hypnosis based on a separation between personality functions that are normally well integrated. When hypnotized, people split their consciousness Ernest Hilgard- "Hidden observer" to describe the dissociation, unhypnotized "part" of the mind that he could access on cue. TERM 24 Activation-Synthesis Theory DEFINITION 24 Theory that dreams reflect inputs from brain activation originating in the pons, which the forebrain then attempts to weave into a story. Hobson & McCarley, 1977 Dreams are the brain attempting to make sense of random neural signals. Dreams are mostly negative instead of positive TERM 25 Psychoactive Drugs DEFINITION 25 Chemicals similar to those found naturally in our brains that alter consciousness by changing chemical processes in neurons. TERM 26 Sedative DEFINITION 26 Drug that exerts a calming effect. TERM 27 Hypnotic DEFINITION 27 Drug that exerts a sleep-inducing effect. TERM 28 Tolerance DEFINITION 28 Reduction in the effect of a drug as a result of repeated use, requiring users to consume greater quantities to achieve the same effect. TERM 29 Withdrawal DEFINITION 29 Unpleasant effects of reducing or stopping consumption of a drug that users had consumed habitually. TERM 30 Delirium DEFINITION 30 Disorientation, confusion, visual hallucinations, and memory problems, somteimes resulting from alcohol withdrawal. TERM 31 Alcohol Hallucinosis DEFINITION 31 Auditory hallucinations, sometimes accompanied by paranoid beliefs, resulting from alcohol withdrawal. TERM 32 Stimulants DEFINITION 32 Drugs that increase activity in the central nervous system, including heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure. Tobacco, cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine TERM 33 Narcotics DEFINITION 33 Drugs that relieve pain and induce sleep. Heroin, Morphine, Codeine Opiate Drugs TERM 34 Hallucinogenic DEFINITION 34 Causing dramatic alterations of perception, mood, and thought. Psychedelic Drugs Marijuana, LSD, Ecstasy TERM 35 Stage 1 Sleep DEFINITION 35 5-10 minutes Theta waves [4-7 HZ] Hypnagogic Imagery Hypnic Myoclonia TERM 46 The Dream and Protection Theory DEFINITION 46 Ego gives up control and is less able than when awake to keep sexual and aggressive instincts at bay by repressing them Id takes over Instincts disguised as symbols (manifest content) "Dream-work" Wish-fulfillment TERM 47 Wish-Fulfillment DEFINITION 47 Acting out how we wish things could be in dreams Part of Dream theories TERM 48 Neurocognitive Perspective DEFINITION 48 Our cognitive capabilities shape what we can dream about. TERM 49 Dual-Processing Theory DEFINITION 49 Given multiple copies of sensory information, but one is slightly delayed. Part of Deja Vu Deja vu arises when input from separate neural pathways that processes sensory information is slightly out of sync TERM 50 How much sleep do we need? DEFINITION 50 Newborns: 16 hours College Students: 9 hours (Actually get about 6) Adults: 7-10 hours (Average 7) TERM 51 Microsleep DEFINITION 51 Involuntary sleep lasting about a couple seconds to a couple minutes. TERM 52 Michel Siffre (1972) DEFINITION 52 Stayed in a cave alone for 6 months Body reverted to a 25- hour cycle TERM 53 Rebound Insomnia DEFINITION 53 Longstanding use of many sleeping pills can make it more difficult to sleep once people stop taking them. Sleeping pills can actually cause insomnia. TERM 54 Manifest Content DEFINITION 54 The details of the dream itself TERM 55 Latent Content DEFINITION 55 The true, hidden meaning, of the dream TERM 56 Astral Projection DEFINITION 56 Being able to create out-of-body experiences at will and mentally visit distant places during their out-of-body journeys. TERM 57 Concentrative Meditation DEFINITION 57 The goal is to focus attention on a single thing TERM 58 Awareness Meditation DEFINITION 58 Attention flows freely and examines whatever comes to mind TERM 59 Mental Set DEFINITION 59 Beliefs and expectancies about the effects of drugs TERM 60 Depressants DEFINITION 60 Decreased activity of the central nervous system. Alcohol, sedative-hypnotics (barbiturates and benzodiazepines), and quaaludes valium