Final Exam, part 2 | HIST 180 - World History Since 1500, Quizzes of World History

Download Final Exam, part 2 | HIST 180 - World History Since 1500 and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Total war DEFINITION 1 A government of national unity that began to plan and control economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort A war in which a belligerent engages in the complete mobilization of fully available resources and population. less differentiation between combatants and civilians than in other conflicts, and sometimes no such differentiation at all, as nearly every human resource, civilians and soldiers alike, can be considered to be part of the belligerent effor TERM 2 Petrograd Soviet DEFINITION 2 The Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, usually called the Petrograd Soviet (), was the soviet (workers' council) in Petrograd (Saint Petersburg), Russia, established in March 1917 after the February Revolution as the representative body of the city's workers. TERM 3 League of Nations DEFINITION 3 The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. A permanent international organization established during the peace conference in Pairs in January 1919 Was designed to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars TERM 4 Young Turks DEFINITION 4 The Young Turks, from French: Les Jeunes Turcs) were a coalition of various groups favouring reformation of the administration of the Ottoman Empire. Idealistic Turkish exiles in Europe and young army officers in Istanbul who seized power in the revolution of 1908 and helped pave the way for the birth of modern secular Turkey. TERM 5 Sykes-Picot Agreement DEFINITION 5 1916 was a secret agreement between the governments of the United Kingdom and France, with the assent of Imperial Russia, defining their respective spheres of influence and control in Western Asia after the expected downfall of the Ottoman Empire during World War I. between Britain and France that divided up the Arab lands of Lebanon, Syria, southern Turkey, Palestine, Jordan, and Iraq TERM 6 Satyagraha DEFINITION 6 Satyagraha , loosely translated as "insistence on truth satya (truth) agraha (insistence) soul force" or "truth force" philosophy and practice within the broader overall category generally known as nonviolent resistance or civil resistance the form of nonviolent resistance initiated in India by Mahatma Gandhi in order to oppose British rule and to hasten political reforms Seizing by truth. The act of passive resistance espoused by Gandhi in dealing with the British colonial powers. . TERM 7 New Cultural Movement DEFINITION 7 An intellectual revolution, sometimes called the Chinese Renaissance, that attacked traditional Chinese, particularly Confucian culture and promoted Western ideas if science, democracy, and individualism, from around 1916 to 1923 TERM 8 Zaibatsu DEFINITION 8 is a Japanese term referring to industrial and financial business conglomerates in the Empire of Japan, whose influence and size allowed for control over significant parts of the Japanese economy from the Meiji period until the end of World War II. Giant conglomerate firms in Japan, or financial combines Wielded enormous economic power and dominated the other sector of the economy, an unorganized multitude of peasant farmers and craftsmen. Resulted in financial oligarchy, corruption of government officials, and a weak middle class TERM 9 New Deal DEFINITION 9 The New Deal was a series of economic programs implemented in the United States between 1933 and 1936. They were passed by the U.S. FDRs plan to reform capitalism through forceful government intervention and the economy TERM 10 Fascism DEFINITION 10 radical authoritarian nationalist political ideology. a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism Looks to destroy the working class movements, alliances with powerful capitalists, and land owners . Dynamic and violent leader with the glorification of war and the military