Neuropsychology and Psychology of Sensation: A Comprehensive Overview, Quizzes of Psychology

Download Neuropsychology and Psychology of Sensation: A Comprehensive Overview and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Schools Of Thought DEFINITION 1 Biological, Learning, Cognitive, Sociocultural, Psychodynamic, Humanistic TERM 2 Biological S.o.T. DEFINITION 2 how body influences self TERM 3 Learning S.o.T. DEFINITION 3 how environment and experiences influence self TERM 4 Cognitive S.o.T. DEFINITION 4 how thoughts affect self TERM 5 Sociocultural S.o.T. DEFINITION 5 how social and cultural influences affect self TERM 6 Psychodynamic S.o.T. DEFINITION 6 How unconscious conflicts and inner thoughts influence self TERM 7 Humanistic S.o.T. DEFINITION 7 how to create a fulfilled life humans are intrinsically good TERM 8 Correlational Studies DEFINITION 8 a statistic that indicates whether 2 variables vary together in a systematic way, from -1 to 1. -1 is a strong negative correlation (the less you eat sweets, the more energy you have) (more/less, less/more) 1 is a strong positive correlation (the more you smile, the more friends you have) (more/more, less/less) 0 is no correlation TERM 9 Experimental Method DEFINITION 9 a technique in which the investigator actively manipulates the experiment to observe its affects on behavior TERM 10 Independent Variable Dependent Variable Confounding Variable Internal Validity DEFINITION 10 IV- what is manipulated DV- what is being measured CV- uncontrolled variable that changes with IV Internal Validity- the extent to which the experiment has been controlled TERM 21 Cornea DEFINITION 21 transparent, outer covering of eye TERM 22 Lens DEFINITION 22 flexible tissue that helps focus light TERM 23 Pupil DEFINITION 23 hole in center of eye, lets light in TERM 24 Iris DEFINITION 24 colored ring of tissue around pupil TERM 25 Retina DEFINITION 25 covers back of eye, contains light receptor cells TERM 26 Rods DEFINITION 26 In retina, around sides, transduce light, highly sensitive many more of these than cones TERM 27 Cones DEFINITION 27 transduce light, do better in high light levels, used for seeing color TERM 28 Fovea DEFINITION 28 central pit in retina where cone receptors are located TERM 29 Optic Nerve (Blind Spot) DEFINITION 29 where visual signs leave retina through a collection of nerves creates a blind spot TERM 30 Sensory Adaptation DEFINITION 30 tendency of sensory systems to reduce sensitivity to a stimulus source that remains constant TERM 31 Stages of Sleep DEFINITION 31 1- theta waves, drifting thoughts 2- K complexes, sleep spindles 3 and 4- delta waves, deep sleep TERM 32 Parasomnias DEFINITION 32 Sleep disorders Nightmares- frightening dreams during REM Night Terrors- awake in extreme panic, usually happens to children Sleepwalking- arising during sleep and wandering about TERM 33 Psychotropic Drugs DEFINITION 33 Depressants, Stimulants, Opiates, Hallucinogens TERM 34 Depressants DEFINITION 34 slows or depressed activity of central nervous system ex. Alcohol, Tranquilizers (Valium, Xanax), Barbiturates TERM 35 Stimulants DEFINITION 35 increase central nervous system activity ex. Caffeine, Nicotine, Amphetamines, Cocaine, Ecstacy TERM 46 Bystander Apathy DEFINITION 46 more people around = longer it takes to get help TERM 47 Basic Emotions DEFINITION 47 Anger Happiness Disgust TERM 48 Homosexuality Causes DEFINITION 48 biologically- may be a "gay gene" may have less neurons in hypothalamus possibly also environmental, but not sure TERM 49 Id, Ego, and Superego DEFINITION 49 Id- inborn drives, mostly sexual and agression Ego- balances the 2, helps act with reason and conform to requirements of society Superego- motivates to act perfect TERM 50 Freuds Sexual Stages DEFINITION 50 Oral (age 1)- fixation on mouth Anal (age 2)- fixation on defacation Phallic (3-5)- self stimulation of sexual organs Latency (5-puberty)-surpress sexual feelings Genital (puberty+)- developing mature relationship with members of opposite sex TERM 51 Freud's Defense Mechanisms DEFINITION 51 repression, denial, rationalization, projection, reaction formation, sublimation TERM 52 Repression DEFINITION 52 Bury in unconscious TERM 53 Denial DEFINITION 53 refuses to believe or accept TERM 54 Rationalization DEFINITION 54 create explanations TERM 55 Projection DEFINITION 55 attribute unacceptable thoughts to others TERM 56 Reaction Formation DEFINITION 56 behave complete opposite to feelings TERM 57 Sublimation DEFINITION 57 re-channel into socially acceptable ways TERM 58 Big 5 Personality Traits DEFINITION 58 OCEAN: Openness- daring, nonconforming, imaginative Conscientiousness- ethical, dependable, productive Extroversion- talkative, sociable, affectionate Agreeableness- sympathetic, warm, cooperative Neuroticism- anxious, insecure, self-conscious TERM 59 Pre-natal Stages of Development DEFINITION 59 Zygote, germinal, embryonic, fetal TERM 60 Zygote DEFINITION 60 fertilized egg, 23 chromosomes from each parent TERM 71 Kubler-Ross Stages of Death and Dying DEFINITION 71 Denial- refuse to believe Anger- obvious Bargaining- try to get more time Depression- obvious Acceptance- not happiness, just understanding that it happened and they cant change it. TERM 72 Criteria for determining abnormal behavior DEFINITION 72 DSM-IV-TR outside of cultural norms causes emotional distress Cant function in normal life-style Are a danger to self or others TERM 73 3 definitions of Insanity DEFINITION 73 1- person is unable to distinguish right from wrong 2- person is unable to understand legal proceedings, too incompetent to stand trial 3- Person is a direct danger to self or others (probably be involuntarily committed to a mental hospital) TERM 74 Phobias DEFINITION 74 intense, irrational fear specific phobia- of one thing (spiders, heights, the dark, etc) social phobia- of social interactions (public speaking, crowds, etc) agoraphobia- fear of leaving ones house TERM 75 Generalized Anxiety Disorder DEFINITION 75 vague, uneasy sense of general tension and apprehension that lasts for long periods of time TERM 76 Panic Disorder DEFINITION 76 long periods of calm are broken by intense, uncomfortable attacks of anxiety (panic attacks) TERM 77 PTSD DEFINITION 77 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder anxiety, bad memories, flashbacks, nightmares, etc of a traumatic event TERM 78 OCD DEFINITION 78 Obsessive, Compulsive Disorder ( CDO, in alphabetical order, as it should be :D) obsessions and/or compulsions TERM 79 Major Depression DEFINITION 79 long periods of time of depression long serotonin and/or dopamine levels woman are twice as likely to get it than men TERM 80 Bipolar Disorder DEFINITION 80 moods in extremes from depression to mania mania- euphoria TERM 81 Schizophrenia DEFINITION 81 delusions, hallucinations (auditory is most common), disorganized thinking TERM 82 Possible causes of Schizophrenia DEFINITION 82 genetic predisposition structural brain abnormalities neurotransmitter abnormalities Prenatal or birth problems adolescent abnormalities in brain development TERM 83 Delusions DEFINITION 83 Of grandeur- you believe you are more famous or important than you are Of persecution- you believe others are conspiring or plotting against you TERM 84 What Psychodynamic Therapists see as cause of mental illness DEFINITION 84 unconscious conflicts probably from childhood or some sort of sexual repression TERM 85 Transference (as related to psychodynamic therapy) DEFINITION 85 client transfers emotion from inner life (usually feelings toward parents) onto therapist