Final Exam | PBIO 1210 - Principles of Plant Biology, Quizzes of Botany and Agronomy

Download Final Exam | PBIO 1210 - Principles of Plant Biology and more Quizzes Botany and Agronomy in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Evolution DEFINITION 1 change in allele frequencies across generationsresult of: natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, mutation TERM 2 Macro vs Microevolution DEFINITION 2 micro: change in allele frequencies over generations within a populationmacro: generation of new species of organisms over long time period**macro is result of micro TERM 3 convergent evolution DEFINITION 3 unrelated species to evolve similar traitscauses by adaption (natural selection over generations leads to adaption) to similar environments TERM 4 Biological Species Concept DEFINITION 4 considered members of same species if:can interbreed with one anothercant interbreed with other such groups of organisms"reproductive isolation" TERM 5 Morphological Species Concept DEFINITION 5 considered members of same species if:highly similar in morphology (appearance/ anatomy) TERM 6 allopatric speciation DEFINITION 6 Allopatric speciation or geographic speciation is speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species become vicariant - isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with genetic interchange. eventually cant interbreedex hawaii (formed new species of different islands) TERM 7 geographic barriers DEFINITION 7 formation of new islands. melting of glaciers, fragmentation of habitat, drying down of water body TERM 8 polyploidization DEFINITION 8 doubling or more of chromosome numberup to 70% of plants are polypoids(sympatric speciation via polypoidy) TERM 9 Autopolyploidy DEFINITION 9 chromosome doubling within a species-meiotic failure- non reduction-diploids fuse tetraploid (4 chromosome set)-cant exchange genes with diploids bc: odd # chromosomes, pairing fails resulting in sterility TERM 10 Allopolyploidy DEFINITION 10 chromosome doubling after hybridization TERM 21 Domestication Syndrome DEFINITION 21 sets of traits that most crop plants shareincludes loss of:branchingself incompatibilityseed dormancyseed dispersal TERM 22 Crop Improvement DEFINITION 22 traditional: farmers select seeds from vest plants in their fields for next season.also called mass selection or phenotypic breedinghybridization: introgression of novel genetic variants from close relativesboth require many generations, limited to genetic variation present within crop or closely related speciesgenetic engineering (transgenic crops) TERM 23 GMOs DEFINITION 23 refer to slides TERM 24 Ecology DEFINITION 24 the study of the distribution and abundance of organisms and the interactions that determine distribution and abundance TERM 25 Niche DEFINITION 25 conditions under which the species maintains positive population growthmost common limiting factors in plants: moisture and temperature TERM 26 Regional Distribution DEFINITION 26 determined by climate and historical factors TERM 27 Local Distribution DEFINITION 27 determined by fine scale gradients in soil moisture TERM 28 Fundamental Niche DEFINITION 28 conditions nder which the species maintains positive population growth in absence of other species TERM 29 Realized Niche DEFINITION 29 conditions under which the species maintains positive population growth in the presence of other species TERM 30 Carrying Capacity DEFINITION 30 maximum population size a particular environment can support TERM 31 Density Dependence DEFINITION 31 when population growth rate is dependent on the density of populationlogistic growth (S shaped curve)- growth rate declines are population increases TERM 32 Competitive Exclusion Principle DEFINITION 32 two species competing for exact same resources cannot stably coexist TERM 33 Coexisting plants DEFINITION 33 can evolve by reducing niche overlap (ex. depth of roots)herbivores/ pathogens- eats plants(many are specialists) TERM 34 Trophic Levels DEFINITION 34 lumps species together based on what they eat TERM 35 Rising Air DEFINITION 35 cooling, condensation of water and precipitation