Social Psychology Terminology and Concepts, Quizzes of Social Psychology

Download Social Psychology Terminology and Concepts and more Quizzes Social Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Trippletts research on cyclists: DEFINITION 1 race faster when in presence of others (social facilitation) TERM 2 What are theories? DEFINITION 2 set of principles used to explain a phenomenon. TERM 3 Influence of the wars DEFINITION 3 Hitlers power & WW2 tragedies led to questions about violence, prejudice, conformity TERM 4 construct validity DEFINITION 4 whether the operational definition actually assess the concept of interest TERM 5 Self-reports: DEFINITION 5 complete a survey to indicate how you score on the concept1. focus on your beliefs, perceptions2. can be very misleading/inaccurate TERM 6 random sampling? DEFINITION 6 everyone in the population has equal chance of being selected into the sample TERM 7 Observational studies DEFINITION 7 - focus on behavior TERM 8 Correlational method DEFINITION 8 determines if two variables are related -Correlating coefficient: positive, negative, or no correlation? Positive= as 1 variable increases, other variables increase[Ex: measure harassment and stress, as one goes up-the other does as well. (moving in the same direction) ] Negative= as 1 variable increases, other variable decreases[Ex= negative correlation between job satisfaction and harassment (one goes up the other goes down)] No correlation= there is no relationship between the 2 variables[Ex: Correlation between harassment and age] TERM 9 Experimental method: DEFINITION 9 manipulate variables in attempt to examine cause & effecto About 3/4ths of social psych research. TERM 10 Self-Concept DEFINITION 10 = beliefs we have about ourselves TERM 21 BIRGing DEFINITION 21 Basking in the reflected glory (of a success by our group) TERM 22 detecting deception DEFINITION 22 Facial versus body movements Some are easier to control What leads to better accuracy? If take whole body into account TERM 23 microexpressions DEFINITION 23 very quick, immediate responses TERM 24 Kelly's Covariation Research DEFINITION 24 Attribute behavior to internal (person) or external (situation) based on 3 questions Consensusdo other people behave this way? (yeshigh consensus) Distinctivenessdoes this person behave this way in othercontexts? (yes low distinctiveness) Consistency does this person always behave this way? (yes high consistency) TERM 25 Availability Heuristic DEFINITION 25 estimate the odds of some event by how quickly it comes to mind TERM 26 counterfactual thinking DEFINITION 26 the tendency to imagine alternative events or outcomes that might have occurred but did not TERM 27 FAE DEFINITION 27 when judging others behavior, we overestimate influence of internal factors & underestimate situational factors TERM 28 Stereotype, Prejudice, Discrimination DEFINITION 28 Stereotype = beliefs that link a certain trait to a groupPrejudice = negative feelings about othersDiscrimination= negative acts towards a specific group TERM 29 Overt v. Modern Racism DEFINITION 29 Less overt racism todayless blatant, explicit o Now, modern racism is more likely What are these types of behaviors? subtle, more socially acceptable, exclude others TERM 30 Implicit Association Test DEFINITION 30 extent to which two concepts are related TERM 31 prescriptive vs. descriptive sexism DEFINITION 31 prescriptive (what women should do)descriptive(what you think they do) TERM 32 Ambivelent, Hostile and Benevolent Sexism DEFINITION 32 Ambivalent sexism: mixture of positive/negative feelings made up ofHostile sexism negative resentful feelings about womenBenevolent sexismaffectionate, but demeaning, feelings about women based on belief they need protection TERM 33 Claude Steels research DEFINITION 33 Face negative stereotype & fear you will be evaluated based on that you confirm that stereotypeHow does it affect performance? 1. Increase anxiety & distraction 2. Disidentify from the domain (academic, grades are dropping)Do you need to believe in the stereotype? No... Still get effects. TERM 34 Sheriff Robbers Cave DEFINITION 34 Intergroup conflictsheriffs Robbers Cave experiment11 year old boys divided into groupsRandomly divided into groups. [week 2introduced to competing groupsCompetition led to oHostile behavior toward the out group What solutions failed in Robbers Cave tried talking to each group about the others virtues (used education). Tried working on noncompetitive tasks. Which solutions worked bestSuperordinate goals reduced conflict: >>Had mutual goals and could only achieve if they worked together TERM 35 Outgroup DEFINITION 35 Out group homogeneity effect (theyre all the same) Learn feature of majority group 1st and then contrast minority group w/in them i.Why does it happen 1.Lack of familiarity with the out group 2.May not interact with representative sample TERM 46 best solution for social loafing DEFINITION 46 Small groups with peer evaluations of individual members TERM 47 process loss DEFINITION 47 -Reduced group performance on cognitive tasks as opposed to working alone-Involves any time spent on non-task related issues. Ex: Conflict, gossip, etc. TERM 48 group polarization DEFINITION 48 group discussion strengthens members initial attitudes TERM 49 Deindividuation DEFINITION 49 Indicates that our behavior may differ when were part of a group TERM 50 Which factors determine friendship? DEFINITION 50 Proximity - most powerful predictorMere Exposure Effect- the more often people are exposed the more positive those people becomePhysical attractiveness TERM 51 kin selection DEFINITION 51 preferential helping of genetic relatives TERM 52 empathy DEFINITION 52 understanding another individuals perspective and feeling sympathy and compassion for that individual TERM 53 reciprocity DEFINITION 53 "I help you, and somebody else helps me" TERM 54 Influence of groups in Bystander Effect DEFINITION 54 when there is a larger group you are less likely/slower to help TERM 55 pluralistic ignorance DEFINITION 55 the state in which people in a group mistakenly think that their own individual thoughts, feelings, or behaviors are different from those of the others in a group TERM 56 diffusion of responsibility DEFINITION 56 the belief that others will or should take the responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need TERM 57 Social Influences of Bystander DEFINITION 57 If in a small town, or in a Spanish/Latin culture you are more likely to be helped. TERM 58 frustration-aggression theory DEFINITION 58 frustration is but one of many unpleasant experiences that can lead to aggression by creating negative, uncomfortable feelings. it is these negative feelings, and not the frustration itself, that can trigger aggression. TERM 59 social learning theory DEFINITION 59 the theory that behavior is learned through the observation of others as well as through the direct experience of rewards and punishments TERM 60 3 stages of memory DEFINITION 60 1. Acquisition - impact of stress on memory acquisition2. Storage - impact of time3. Retrieval- line-up format