Soc 101 Exam Review: Global Inequality, Economic Systems, Social Change - Prof. Jeffrey T., Study notes of Introduction to Sociology

Download Soc 101 Exam Review: Global Inequality, Economic Systems, Social Change - Prof. Jeffrey T. and more Study notes Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! Soc 101 Final Exam Review 1. In global perspective, the richest 20% of all people earn about what share of the entire world’s income?  80% 2. The United States, Canada, and Japan are all  High-income countries 3. Low-income nations  Are found mostly in Africa and Asia 4. China and India are now  Counted among the world’s middle-income nations 5. Which of the following is the range of annual personal income for people living in the middle- income nations?  $2,500 to $10,000 6. How does poverty in poor nations compare to poverty in the United States?  In poor nations, there is far more absolute poverty 7. Neocolonialism refers to the process by which  Multinational corporations dominate the economy of a poor country 8. Which of the following statements is the basis of modernization theory?  The main cause of poverty in the world is low productivity due to simple technology and traditional culture 9. According to Walt Rostow, which is the final stage of economic development?  High mass consumption 10. Dependency theory differs from modernization theory by saying that  Global stratification results from the exploitation of poor countries by rich countries 11. The economy is the social institution that guides  The production of goods and services  The distribution of goods and services  The consumption of goods and services 12. The early textile factories in New England, which marked the start of the Industrial Revolution in the U.S., employed  Mostly women who were paid half the wages earned by men 13. Building houses and making cars are examples of production in which economic sector?  The secondary sector 14. Which of the following marks the rise of a postindustrial economy?  The development of computer technology 15. Today, about what share of the U.S. labor force has industrial (secondary-sector) jobs?  One-fifth 16. The globalization of the economy is causing which of the following?  Certain areas of the world are specializing in one sector of economic activity  Industrial jobs in the United States are being lost  More and more products pass through several nations n their way to consumers 17. A capitalist society’s approach to economic “justice” amounts to  Freedom of the marketplace 18. Socialist economies differ from capitalist economies in that they  Create more economic equality 19. In the U.S., what percentage of nonfarm workers are members of a labor union?  12 percent 20. The largest 1,909 corporations, each with assets exceeding $2.5 billion, represent about what share of all corporate assets in the U.S.?  75 percent 21. According to Max Weber, power is defined as  The ability to achieve desired ends, despite resistance from others 22. Max Weber claimed that the main difference between power and authority is that  People typically view authority as legitimate rather than coercive 23. Modern societies, including the United States, rely mostly on which type of authority?  Rational-legal authority 24. In which type of political system does power reside in the hands of the people as a whole?  Democracy 25. When sociologists use the term “political economy”, they are referring to  The fact that the political and economic systems are linked 26. The claim that socialist societies are democratic typically is based on the fact that  These societies meet the basic economic needs of everyone 27. Which type of government concentrates all power in one place and rigidly regulates people’s lives?  A totalitarian government 28. In the 2004 U.S. presidential election, about what share of registered voters actually cast a vote?  About 60 percent 29. The Marxist political-economy model suggests that  An antidemocratic bias is built into the capitalist system 30. Which war resulted in the highest loss of life to the American people?  The Civil War 31. The family is a social institution that is found in  Every society 32. What is the term sociologists use for a family containing parents, children, and other kin?  An extended family 33. A system of marriage that unites one woman with two or more men is called  Polyandry 34. Sociologists claim that marriage in the U.S. follows the principle of homogamy, which means that partners are  People who are socially alike in terms of class, age, and race 35. Which of the following are included among the functions of the family?  Socialization of children  Regulation of sexual activity