Final exam review, part 2 | BIOL 2704 - Evolutionary Biology, Quizzes of Biology

Download Final exam review, part 2 | BIOL 2704 - Evolutionary Biology and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 evolution DEFINITION 1 the process by which organisms change over time TERM 2 At what level does evolution occur? DEFINITION 2 Populationpopulations evolve, not individuals!! TERM 3 what are some areas where evolution has a broader impact on society? DEFINITION 3 medicineconservationagriculture TERM 4 what are some examples of evolution in medicine? DEFINITION 4 antibiotic resistance and evolution of infectious diseases TERM 5 hypothesis DEFINITION 5 informed, testable statement of what may be true TERM 6 fact DEFINITION 6 hypothesis so firmly supported by evidence that we assume it to be true TERM 7 7 scientific truths DEFINITION 7 scintific knowledge is cumulativeit is independent of the individuals who discover itit is a creative processscientists have biasesit is heavily influenced by politics, society, and religionconsensus view is very importantit does not address moral/ethical issues TERM 8 what are the two main forms of scientific presentation? DEFINITION 8 oral presentation and scientific literature TERM 9 what are the two levels of scientific literature? DEFINITION 9 primary and tertiary TERM 10 what are the differences in primary and tertiary literature? DEFINITION 10 primary is peer reviewed and tetiary references sources TERM 21 which disease resulted in the most mortality in the US? DEFINITION 21 influenza TERM 22 what is the most severe form of influenza? DEFINITION 22 influenza A TERM 23 Viruses DEFINITION 23 are obligate, intracellular parasites TERM 24 what are the categories of viruses? DEFINITION 24 they can be either DNA or RNA basedthey can be single or double strandedthe strands can either be positive or negative sense TERM 25 what category is influenza? DEFINITION 25 Negative sense, single stranded RNA virus TERM 26 what are the two key surface proteins for the flu virus? DEFINITION 26 Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase TERM 27 how many known hemagglutinin proteins are there? DEFINITION 27 17 TERM 28 how is hemagglutinin used? DEFINITION 28 it is used to attach the flu virus to the host cell TERM 29 how many Neuraminidase proteins are there? DEFINITION 29 10 TERM 30 what is the function of Neuraminidase in the flu virus? DEFINITION 30 it helps release virions from cells TERM 31 how was the 1918 flu pandemic typed? DEFINITION 31 H1N1 TERM 32 how does information flow in a normal cell? DEFINITION 32 DNA --> mRNA --> Protein TERM 33 antigenic drift DEFINITION 33 changes in proteins by point mutations and selection TERM 34 why are new vacines produced every year? DEFINITION 34 antigenic drift TERM 35 antigenic shift DEFINITION 35 changes in proteins via reassortmentmixing/recombination of the genome TERM 46 who accepted the chain of being? DEFINITION 46 Lamarck TERM 47 what did the chain of being suggest? DEFINITION 47 that every species originated at the bottom of the chain through spontaneous generation and progressed upwardsthere was no extinction, just transformtaion TERM 48 what is the raw material of natural selection? DEFINITION 48 genetics TERM 49 outgroup DEFINITION 49 an additional species added to the root of a phylogenetic tree TERM 50 clade DEFINITION 50 a group on a phylogeny that contains an ancestor and all its descendants TERM 51 what is the basic idea behind phylogenetic trees? DEFINITION 51 homology TERM 52 homology DEFINITION 52 same strcture/trait in different organisms due to a common ancestor TERM 53 synapomorphies DEFINITION 53 traits shared because of recent common ancestry (shared derived characters) TERM 54 examples of synapomorphies DEFINITION 54 feathers define birds TERM 55 what do synapomorphies identify? DEFINITION 55 branching points TERM 56 homoplasy DEFINITION 56 trait similarity not due to shared ancestry TERM 57 how does homoplasy effect the building of trees? DEFINITION 57 it results in some characters giving conflicting information about the relationships among a group of species TERM 58 what is it called when traits revert to ancestral forms due to selection/mutation DEFINITION 58 reversal TERM 59 what does it mean if a trait is convergent? DEFINITION 59 it has appeared due to similar selection pressures, not because of shared ancestry