Final Exam Review | REL 102 - WORLD RELIGIONS, Quizzes of World Religions

Download Final Exam Review | REL 102 - WORLD RELIGIONS and more Quizzes World Religions in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Sunnis DEFINITION 1 Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, comprising at least 85% of the world's 1.2 billion Muslims. TERM 2 Yathrib DEFINITION 2 Also known as Medina. A city of western Saudi Arabia north of Mecca. The Mosque of the Prophet, containing Muhammad's tomb, is a holy site for Muslim pilgrims. Population: 918,000. TERM 3 minaret DEFINITION 3 Minarets (Turkish: minare,[1] from Arabic manra (lighthouse) , usually ) are distinctive architectural features of Islamic mosques. Minarets are generally tall spires with onion- shaped or conical crowns, usually either free standing or taller than any associated support structure TERM 4 Abraham DEFINITION 4 Abraham (, , , ') is the founding patriarch of the Israelites, Ishmaelites, Midianites and Edomite peoples, as described in the book of Genesis. Abraham was sent by God from his home in Ur Kadim and Haran (perhaps Harran) to Canaan, the land promised to his descendants by Yahweh. TERM 5 Mohammad DEFINITION 5 Muhammad is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of God (Arabic: Allh), the last and the greatest law- bearer in a series of Islamic prophets as taught by the Qur'an 33:4040. TERM 6 Solar Temple DEFINITION 6 The Solar Temple (officially the Ordre du Temple Solaire or OTS) was an obscure French-speaking initiatory occult order that made front-page headlines following the suicide death of its leaders among 52 people who died in a 72-hour period in three incidents on October 3-5, 1994, in Switzerland and Quebec. TERM 7 Allah DEFINITION 7 Allah (, ', ) is the standard Arabic word for God. TERM 8 Wallace D. Fard Mohammad DEFINITION 8 Wallace Fard Muhammad was a preacher and founder of the Nation of Islam (NOI). He established the Nation of Islam's first mosque in Detroit, Michigan in 1930 and preached his distinctive religion there for three years before mysteriously disappearing in June 1934. His follower and succeeding leader Elijah Muhammad proclaimed him to have been Allah on earth. TERM 9 Louis Farrakhan DEFINITION 9 Louis Farrakhan (born Louis Eugene Walcott; May 11, 1933) is the National Representative of the Nation of Islam. TERM 10 Jinn DEFINITION 10 The Jn Dynasty (Jurchen: Anchu, Aisin Gurun; ; ; 1115-1234), also known as the Jurchen Dynasty, was founded by the Wanyan ( Wnyn) clan of the Jurchens, the ancestors of the Manchus who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later. TERM 21 BahaI DEFINITION 21 The Bah' Faith is a monotheistic religion founded by Bah'u'llh in nineteenth-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind. TERM 22 Aum Shinrikyo DEFINITION 22 Aleph (formerly Aum Shinrikyo) is a Japanese new religious movement. The group was founded by Shoko Asahara in 1984. The group gained international notoriety in 1995, when it carried out the sarin gas attack in the Tokyo subways. TERM 23 Pearl of Great Price DEFINITION 23 The Pearl of Great Price is part of the standard works of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church; see also Mormonism) and some other Latter Day Saint denominations. The first paragraph of the Introductory Note in the LDS edition of the Pearl of Great Price reads: The Pearl of Great Price is a selection of choice materials touching many significant aspects of the faith and doctrine of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. These items were produced by Joseph Smith Jr. and were TERM 24 burqa DEFINITION 24 A burqa (; also transliterated burkha, burka or burqua from burqu- ) is an enveloping outer garment worn by women in some Islamic traditions for the purpose of cloaking the entire body. TERM 25 Joseph Smith DEFINITION 25 Joseph Smith, Jr. (December 23, 1805 June 27, 1844) was the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, also known as Mormonism, and an important religious and political figure during the 1830s and 1840s. In 1827, Smith began to gather a religious following after announcing that an angel had shown him a set of golden plates describing a visit of Jesus to the indigenous peoples of the Americas. TERM 26 Ashura DEFINITION 26 Ashura, meaning "tenth" in Arabic. The Day of Ashura, (10th day of Muharram), Islamic day of mourning. TERM 27 Umma DEFINITION 27 Ummah (Arabic: ) is an Arabic word meaning "community" or "nation". It is commonly used to mean either the collective nation of states, or (in the context of pan-Arabism) the whole Arab world. In the context of Islam, the word ummah is used to mean the diaspora or "Community of the Believers" (ummat al-mu'minin), and thus the whole Muslim world. TERM 28 Marcus Garvey DEFINITION 28 was a publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, Black Nationalist, Pan-Africanist, and orator. Marcus Garvey was founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL). TERM 29 al-Buraq DEFINITION 29 Al-Burq ( al-Burq "lightning") is a miraculous steed, described as a creature from the heavens which transported the prophets. The most commonly told story is how in the 7th century, the Buraq carried the prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem and back during the Isra and Mi'raj or "Night Journey", which is the title of one of the chapters of the Qur'an. TERM 30 orthopraxis DEFINITION 30 Orthopraxy is a term derived from Greek () meaning "correct action/activity", and is a religion that places emphasis on conduct, both ethical and liturgical, as opposed to faith or grace etc. TERM 31 Dianetics DEFINITION 31 Dianetics is a set of ideas and practices regarding the metaphysical relationship between the mind and body that were developed by science fiction author L. Ron Hubbard, and practiced by followers of Scientology. TERM 32 Fatimah DEFINITION 32 was a daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from his first wife Khadija.[1] She is regarded by Muslims as an exemplar for men and women. TERM 33 Heavens Gate DEFINITION 33 Heaven's Gate was an American UFO cult based in San Diego, California, founded and led by Marshall Applewhite (19311997) and Bonnie Nettles (1928-1985). [1] On March 26, 1997, police discovered the bodies of 39 members of the Heaven's Gate cult, all of whom had died by apparent suicide. [2] TERM 34 jihad DEFINITION 34 Jihad (; ), an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. 1.Islam. An individual's striving for spiritual self-perfection. 2.Islam. A Muslim holy war or spiritual struggle against infidels. TERM 35 mihrab DEFINITION 35 A mihrab () is a niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla; that is, the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca and hence the direction that Muslims should face when praying. TERM 46 Temple Garments DEFINITION 46 A Temple garment (also referred to as garments, or Mormon underwear) is a type of underwear worn by members of some denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement, after they have taken part in the Endowment ceremony. TERM 47 Shariah DEFINITION 47 Sharia ( ; ) is an Arabic word meaning -way- or -path-. The combined set of individual and social duties prescribed on every believer by the Islamic faith is Shari'ah, or the sacred law. TERM 48 imam DEFINITION 48 An imam (, ) is an Islamic leadership position, often the leader of a mosque and the community. The imam is the one who leads the prayer during Islamic gatherings. TERM 49 hijra DEFINITION 49 The Hijra () is the migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers to the city of Medina in 622 (Common Era). TERM 50 auditing/engrams/e-meter DEFINITION 50 Auditing was developed by L. Ron Hubbard, and is described by the Church of Scientology as "spiritual counseling which is the central practice of Dianetics and Scientology". Scientology teaches that individuals are immortal souls or spirits (called Thetans by Scientology) and are not limited to a single lifetime. The E-meter is believed to aid the auditor in identifying ingrained memories ("engrams", "incidents", and "implants") of past events in a thetan's current life and in previous ones. This device mea TERM 51 Medina DEFINITION 51 It is the second holiest city in Islam, and the burial place of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and it is historically significant for being his home after the Hijrah. TERM 52 mujtahid DEFINITION 52 Ijtihad (, ') is a technical term of Islamic law that describes the process of making a legal decision by independent interpretation of the legal sources, the Qur'an and the Sunnah. Generally, a Mujtahid (Arabic: , mutahid) is an educated Muslim who makes up his own ruling on the permissibility of an Islamic law but only for himself.[1] TERM 53 Jehovahs Witnesses DEFINITION 53 Jehovah's Witnesses is a restorationist, millenarian Christian denomination. Known for their door to door preaching. TERM 54 Mawlid an-Nabi DEFINITION 54 Mawlid (Eid Milad an Nabi) () (Qur'anic mawlidu n-nabiyyi, -Birth of the Prophet- Standard Arabic: mawlid an-nab, sometimes simply called in colloquial Arabic , mawlid, mlid, mulud, milad among other vernacular pronunciations) is a term used to refer to the observance of the birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad which occurs in Rabi' al-awwal, the third month in the Islamic calendar. TERM 55 Umayyad Dynasty DEFINITION 55 First great Muslim dynasty. It was founded by Mu'awiyah I, who triumphed over the Prophet Muhammad's son-in-law, 'Ali, to become the fifth caliph. TERM 56 Hassan DEFINITION 56 In Islamic history, a son of Ali and brother of Husayn who abdicated his claims to be a caliph in favor of the first Umayyad ruler Muawiyah; usually numbered as second Imam by the Shiites. TERM 57 Abu Bakr DEFINITION 57 One of the close Companions of the Prophet Muhammad and the first Muslim caliph. Some Muslim traditions say he was the first male convert to Islam after Muhammad. He became caliph after Muhammad's death in 632, and during his two years in that office he consolidated central Arabia under Muslim control, engaging in the wars of apostasy (riddah). TERM 58 Sawm DEFINITION 58 Sawm () is an Arabic word for fasting regulated by Islamic jurisprudence. In the terminology of Islamic law, Sawm means "to abstain from eating, drinking intercourse".[1] The observance of sawm during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, but is not confined to that month. TERM 59 Kaaba DEFINITION 59 is a cuboidal building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is the most sacred site in Islam.[2] The building predates Islam, and, according to Islamic tradition, the first building at the site was built by Abraham. The building has a mosque built around it, the Masjid al- Haram. All Muslims around the world face the Kaaba during prayers, no matter where they are. TERM 60 Bismillah DEFINITION 60 Basmala (or Bismillah, Arabic ) is an Arabic noun that is used as the collective name of the whole of the recurring Islamic phrase b-ismi-llhi r-ramni r-rami. It is recited several times as part of Muslim daily prayers, and it is usually the first phrase in the preamble of the constitutions of Islamic countries.