Sleep Disorders and Their Impact on Health, Exams of Nursing

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Final Exam-Sleep Questions with Verified Answers Solved by Expert Guaranteed A+ symptoms of sleep/wake disruptions - Correct Answers Decreased appetite, weight loss, anxiety, restlessness, irritability, impaired judgment period Symptoms of sleep deprivation - Correct Answers Sleep deprivation negatively affects: - Nitrogen balance - Protein catabolism -REM sleep loss: confusion and suspicion - prolonged negative impacts on mood, equilibrium - Decreased reflexes - Decreased reasoning and judgment - confusion and disorientation - Irritability, withdrawn, apathetic - Decreased motivation - Agitated positive effects of sleep and rest - Correct Answers Biological restoration: -Heart rest, metabolic slowdown(respirations, temperature, blood pressure, muscle tone) preserving energy. -human growth hormone released - repairs cells(brain cells) - REM sleep: Brain development, cognition, and memory -Restoration, memory consultation, and preparation. which of the four stages of sleep the deepest of sleep occurs? - Correct Answers STAGE 3&4 (NREM, slow wave sleep) ~ Heavy sleep, difficult to arouse, HR, RR, brain a muscle activity all at low levels ~ Deepest stage of sleep which sleep stage vivid dreaming occurs. - Correct Answers REM sleep - increased brain activity, loss of skeletal muscle tone, gastric secretions increased, vital signs fluctuate - Vivid dreams insomnia - Correct Answers Symptom, not a disease. -chronic difficulty in falling asleep, frequent awakenings from sleep, and or a short sleep or non-restorative sleep Sleep related breathing disorders - Correct Answers - Central sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) -soft tissues of mouth and throat block the airway -breathing stops 60-120 seconds Hypersomnia’s of central origin - Correct Answers -narcolepsy - falls asleep at inappropriate times - Two states: with or without cataplexy - Cataplexy - loss of voluntary muscles control Parasomnias - Correct Answers - Undesirable behaviors that happen during sleep • Sleepwalking, sleeping, night terrors, nightmares, teeth grinding and bedwetting Circadian rhythm sleep disorder - Correct Answers • acute or chronic • Caused by illness for example fever, difficulty breathing, or pain)emotional stress, medication's, environmental disturbances for example (frequent interruptions and sleep during nursing care, noisy neighbors or pets), and variability in the timing of sleep as a result of shift work Sleep related movement disorders - Correct Answers • Restless legs syndrome • Periodic limb movements • Sleep-related bruxism (teeth grinding) amount of sleep that neonates need - Correct Answers 16-18 hours a sleep Amount of sleep adults need - Correct Answers 7-8 hours of sleep Why is more sleep required for young human beings - Correct Answers Because they're at an important stage of their growth and development Hypothalamus - Correct Answers Promotes both wake and states of sleep How is factor S involved in sleep regulation - Correct Answers Process S ~sleep factor - rises when highest person goes to sleep How drugs, especially alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, and diuretics can positively and negatively impact sleep - Correct Answers affects sleep wake cycle prevents falling asleep shortens sleep How exercise and fatigue can positively and negatively impact sleep - Correct Answers Right before bed can will increase HR, breathing rate, adrenaline and these don't help induce sleep in the body How diuretics impact sleep - Correct Answers having to get up 6-8 times at night to urinate shift rotation. Which questions by the nurse are appropriate? - Correct Answers -"Have you considered switching to days permanently?" -"Are you taking any medications that may be causing you to have trouble sleeping?" -"How do you feel about a care plan to reduce awakenings?" -"Have you been tested for Parkinson disease?" A patient with a fluctuating heart rate is in which stage of sleep? - Correct Answers Rapid eye movement (REM) A patient displaying small muscle jerks is in which stage of sleep? - Correct Answers NREM 2 Which patient is most likely in the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stage? - Correct Answers Adolescent who awakens from a night terror A nurse is teaching a patient about the effects of medication on sleep. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching? - Correct Answers "Barbiturates increase REM sleep." Which nighttime snack is appropriate for a patient with a history of insomnia? - Correct Answers Graham crackers Which patients would most likely suffer from sleep disturbances? - Correct Answers - Young adult female with marital problems -Older adult male who recently lost his wife in death -Child who is spending the summer away from home at camp -Adult female caring for a family member with a chronic illness Which structures of the central nervous system are affected by a light or dark environment? - Correct Answers -Hypothalamus -Pineal gland -Brain stem Sleep deprivation can lead to an increased risk for which diseases? - Correct Answers -Depression -Obesity -Cardiovascular disease -Diabetes A patient with numerous medical bills experiences a physical reaction when the bills come due, including a "racing heart" and an "upset stomach." Which term describes this physiologic response? - Correct Answers Fight-or-flight response A patient received a highly desired promotion and reports feeling anxious when thinking about beginning the new job. Which type of stress is the patient experiencing? - Correct Answers Eustress A patient whose child died of a brain tumor several years ago initiates a fundraiser to raise money for cancer research. According to Roy's Adaptation Model, in which way is this patient adapting to stress? - Correct Answers Performing social role functions Which term is used to refer to the process of evaluating a threat by interpreting it as a threat or a challenge? - Correct Answers Stress appraisal Which physiologic response to stress is an example of why a patient might experience gastrointestinal distress during stressful situations? - Correct Answers Increase in blood flow to the muscles Which phrases describe how stress increases a patient's susceptibility to disease? - Correct Answers -Impairs lymphocyte activity -Increases reactivation of viruses -Accelerates progression of HIV to AIDS The nurse is caring for a patient who reports a lack of energy and insomnia caused by stress. Which other assessment finding would the nurse anticipate? - Correct Answers Depression Which coping mechanisms are healthy for a 12-year-old who is stressed about school grades? - Correct Answers -Creating a daily study schedule -Talking with a teacher about how to improve grades -Making an appointment with the guidance counselor -Giving up video games for an hour a day to study Which reactions to stress are considered unhealthy coping mechanisms? - Correct Answers -Refusing to discuss the stress -Chronically using pain medication -Refusing to acknowledge the stress Which patient statement regarding coping indicates that teaching by the nurse has been effective? - Correct Answers -"The way I cope may change over time." When dealing with stressors, to which group wills a 17-year-old patient most readily relate? - Correct Answers Peers that go to school with the patient Which situations can significantly affect the level of stress in a 50-year-old patient? - Correct Answers -Divorce -Physical illness -New job promotion -Upcoming presidential election Which age-related situations are associated with increased stress in older adults? - Correct Answers -Dementia -Impaired hearing -Inability to dress oneself Match the situation with the type of stress it exemplifies. - Correct Answers - Physiologic stress -Nausea felt prior to an important meeting -Psychological stress-Marital problems -Sociocultural stress-Racist remarks overheard at work Which patient statement exemplifies stress appraisal? - Correct Answers "I am taking the loss of my job as a challenge to find a more interesting career." Pupil dilation in response to a stressor is an example of which type of physiologic response? - Correct Answers All stasis According to Roy's Adaptation Model, which is an example of a nursing action that would help a patient adapt? - Correct Answers Teaching the patient how to cope with the stress through deep breathing Which situations would evoke general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? - Correct Answers -Marital infidelity -Promotion at work -Death of a loved one -Injury in a car accident Match the hormone involved in the stress response with the relevant physiologic reaction. - Correct Answers Secretion of corticosteroids and aldosterone- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Sympathetic adrenal response-Epinephrine and norepinephrine Increase of blood glucose and muscle endurance-Cortisol Which reaction is a person experiencing when enhanced memory and focus occur on the first day of a new job? - Correct Answers Mild anxiety Match the type of anxiety experienced to the patient's response to stress. - Correct Answers -Difficulty focusing on one task on the first day of a new job-Moderate anxiety -Enhanced focus during an important test-Mild anxiety -Heart palpitations and a sense of dread related to the loss of employment-Panic -Inability to make health care decisions for a dying parent Severe anxiety A patient reports being unable to sleep, lack of energy, and no longer enjoying activities that used to be pleasurable. Which response to stress would the nurse suspect that the patient is experiencing? - Correct Answers Depression Which statements made by a 7-year-old patient alert the nurse about the child's ability to cope with stressors? - Correct Answers "My dad is not home very often." "Sometimes I talk to my friends when I am sad." Which bedtime snack would be appropriate for the nurse to offer a patient to promote sleep? - Correct Answers Piece of oat bran toast Which medications may be effective in managing sleep disorders? - Correct Answers Benzodiazepines Antidepressants Which statement regarding common side effects would the nurse include in a teaching session for a patient who is prescribed an antidepressant for insomnia? - Correct Answers "Nervousness often occurs; however, this should improve within several weeks." Match the medication prescribed for sleep with the corresponding category. - Correct Answers Sedative-hypnotic ~Doxylamine Benzodiazepine ~Diphenhydramine Melatonin receptor agonist ~Zolpidem Antidepressant ~Alprazolam Which interventions related to sleep would the nurse recommend to the parent of a pediatric patient? - Correct Answers Give a warm bath Read a bedtime story Provide a favorite soft toy or blanket Play soft, soothing music Which no pharmacologic intervention would the nurse initiate for a patient who is having difficulty falling asleep because of mild back pain? - Correct Answers Giving the patient a massage Which type of exercise would the nurse suggest a patient perform just before bed to promote sleep? - Correct Answers Yoga Which statement by the patient regarding foods that promote sleep indicates the need for further education from the nurse? - Correct Answers "I should drink a few glasses of red wine in the evening to enhance the sleep I get overnight." Which no pharmacologic intervention is most appropriate to promote rest in a patient with restless legs syndrome (RLS)? - Correct Answers Encouraging deep knee bends Which pharmacologic interventions would the nurse suggest for a patient with chronic insomnia who prefers to use supplements over medications? - Correct Answers Melatonin Valerian Which statement made by a patient after education regarding the safe administration of common sleep medications indicates a need for further teaching? - Correct Answers "Maybe I should take a higher dose of antidepressants since it is my first time taking them for my sleep problems." Which statements made by the patient would indicate a sleep medication was ineffective? - Correct Answers "It took a lot longer to fall asleep than normal." "I woke up more frequently in the night." "My mind was very active last night after taking the medication."