Religious and Philosophical Themes in Ecclesiastes, Enlightenment, and Eastern Religions, Quizzes of World Religions

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TERM 1 Main Themes of Ecclesiastes DEFINITION 1 Vanity of Wealth and Power __________________________________ Knowledge, too, can be empty _______________________________ The tears of the oppressed __________________________________ Life "passes like a shadow" Everything is impermanent ________ Wisdom is far and deep ____________________________________ TERM 2 Major themes of Enlightenment DEFINITION 2 Intuitive in Nature ___________________________________________ Anatman: doctrine of no-self ________________________________ Sunyata: Emptiness _________________________________________ Upaya: doctrine of expedient means (teachings are meaningless unless developed in course of one's life) _________ TERM 3 Marx criticism of religion DEFINITION 3 Religion is the opiate of the people: makes you feel good, but doesn't improve your life. ___________________________________ Obstacle to social change. ___________________________________ TERM 4 Nietzche criticism of religion DEFINITION 4 Religion represses the passion of life: calls what is good, sin and what is weak, virtue. ____________________________________ Combine Dionysian and Apollonian philosophies ______________ God is dead ________________________________________________ TERM 5 Freud criticism of religion DEFINITION 5 Religion is an illusion that consoles humans in the face of adversity and suffering ______________________________________ Figure of parent, a fiction meant to comfort ___________________ God results from FEAR ______________________________________ TERM 6 Cosmological Argument DEFINITION 6 The cosmological argument is an argument for the existence of a First Cause (or instead, an Uncaused cause) to the universe, and by extension is often used as an argument for the existence of an "unconditioned" or "supreme" being, usually then identified as God. _______________________________ FIRST CAUSE TERM 7 Argument from Design DEFINITION 7 A teleological argument, or argument from design, is an argument for the existence of God or a creator based on perceived evidence of order, purpose, design, or direction - or some combination of these - in nature. ____________________ WATCH EXAMPLE TERM 8 Moral Argument DEFINITION 8 Everyone has morals/a conscience. Must have been planted by an Ultimate Caregiver TERM 9 Pascal's Wager DEFINITION 9 Pascal's Wager (or Pascal's Gambit) is a suggestion posed by the French philosopher Blaise Pascal that even though the existence of God cannot be determined through reason, a person should wager as though God exists, because living life accordingly has everything to gain, and nothing to lose. TERM 10 Ibn Arabi's Poem DEFINITION 10 "Wonder" ___________________________________________________ My heart can take on any form ______________________________ My creed is Love ____________________________________________ ------He follows his heart------ TERM 21 Trimurti DEFINITION 21 The four most important Hindu Gods ________________________ Brahman, Vishnu, Shiva, _____________________________________ TERM 22 Avatar DEFINITION 22 Manifestation of a God TERM 23 Via Negativa DEFINITION 23 Negative Theology - is a theology that attempts to describe God, the Divine Good, by negation, to speak only in terms of what may not be said about the perfect goodness that is God. TERM 24 Hinduism Inherently tolerant DEFINITION 24 Reincarnation: means that people who aren't Hindu will have another chance anyways TERM 25 Brahman DEFINITION 25 Creator TERM 26 Vishnu DEFINITION 26 Many different avatars ______________________________________ Krishna is one of the avatars _________________________________ TERM 27 Shiva DEFINITION 27 Creator/Destroyer (Four hands dancing) ______________________ Outstretched hand (Be not afraid) ____________________________ Drum of creation ____________________________________________ Fire of destruction ___________________________________________ hand pointing to feet (Take refuge in his mercy) ______________ TERM 28 Krishna DEFINITION 28 avatar of Vishnu ____________________________________________ danced with those damn milkmaids __________________________ TERM 29 Ganesha DEFINITION 29 Elephant/Human TERM 30 Liberation DEFINITION 30 Hindu: liberation is the ultimate purpose of human life ________ Freedom from the cycle of reincarnation ______________________ Christianity: liberation means joining God in heaven ___________ TERM 31 Buddha DEFINITION 31 One who is awake ___________________________________________ 500's BCE, after birth he took 7 steps to the South and said this was his final birth. It was predicted that he would either be a powerful ruler or a powerful religious figure. Father tried to prevent the latter _________________________________________ Father was very protective, but teacher took him outside town Encounters: Old man, Sick man, Corpse, Ascetic ______________ Ascetic: person seeking wisdom through a process of self-denial and detachment from worldly possessions_________ TERM 32 Buddha's Enlightenment DEFINITION 32 Studied with special teachers... nothing ______________________ Lives on the bare minimum for 5 years... nothing ____________ Resolves to sit undr Bodhi tree and not move til Enlightenment Right before enlightenment he is tempted: ___________________ Demon: tries to scare him ___________________________________ Beautiful women: tries to seduce him _________________________ TERM 33 Names of Buddha DEFINITION 33 Siddhartha Guatama ________________________________________ Tathagata: Thus Gone One __________________________________ Sakyamuni: Sage of the Sakya people ________________________ TERM 34 Four Noble Truths DEFINITION 34 Life is Suffering _____________________________________________ The Cause of Suffering: ignorance ____________________________ Suffering Can Be Ended: by Nirvana __________________________ Path to Nirvana or Enlightenment ____________________________ TERM 35 Vimalakirtri Sutra definition of emptiness DEFINITION 35 All constructions about emptiness are empty _________________ The construction that all constructions are empty is empty ____ The constructions that the constructions that all are empty is empty......................................................etc