Final Exam Study Guide and Keywords for Urbanization and Development | UAP 2014, Study notes of Urbanization

Download Final Exam Study Guide and Keywords for Urbanization and Development | UAP 2014 and more Study notes Urbanization in PDF only on Docsity! UAP 2014 EXAM KEYWORDS What is geography? What is urban geography? What is space? Distance? Place? What is urbanization? Urbanism? Types of factors that shape urbanization Example of economic factors. Example of social factors. Example of cultural factors. Example of political factors. Example of technological factors Organized/Fordist capitalism Disorganized/Post-Fordist capitalism? Who is Kondratieff? Theory? Who is Kuznets? Theory? Does the environment shape behavior? Is it vice versa? Examples? Urbanization as outcome and framework of behavior What is a city? Definition/characteristics of the city What is an Urban System? Scales of the urban system What is Urban Form? Urban system vs. urban form (or structure) National/regional/global scales of the urban system Urban hierarchy (e.g., Roman Empire) Decline of European urbanism during Middle Ages- Spread of European urbanism through colonization World cities Renaissance of city-states today? Crisis of the nation-state today? When do first cities appear? When do they begin to spread? Largest cities before 1800s—where? What percentage of the population of North America lives in urban areas? Which continent urbanizes at the greatest speed today?Asia Which continents have the highest percentages of urban populations? Where do first cities appear? Theories of urban origin (e.g., agricultural surplus; defense needs; technological advancement; specialization of labor, etc.) Three types of urban growth: planned, organic and mixed Basic characteristics of traditional, pre-industrial cities The Industrial Revolution and the urban system Causes of rural de-population Causes of suburbanization and de-centralization Metropolitan consolidation vs. urban de-centralization Post-1945 regional decentralization vs. metropolitan consolidation What is post-industrialism? What is “Information Society?” Characteristics of Information Society From industrial to informational mode of development (Manuel Castels)? Why do cities grow where they do—Central Place Theory (Christaller) Limitations of Central Place Theory Causes of urban decline, particularly in the Rustbelt- Causes of urban growth of the Sunbelt What happens to the Central City in the Rustbelt? What is the “urban underclass?” What is the “skills mismatch phenomenon?” Types of factors that influence urban form Economic factors—example Social factors—example Cultural factors—example Technological factors—example Political/institutional factors—example Concentric vs. sectoral models of cities Industrial Revolution and urban form “City of Dreadful Night”—problems of the early industrial city Role of public planning/regulation in early industrial city Causes for origin of modern urban planning Causes for the emergence of land-use regulation What is zoning? Where did it originate? Assumptions of zoning Explicit rationale and implicit assumptions of land-use regulation Characteristics of street-car suburbs Industrial-era changes and the emergence of the CBD Alonso’s concentric zones model Hoyt’s Sectoral Model What is a suburb? Where do first suburbs appear? When? Cultural and social underpinnings of suburbanization (R. Fishman)? Technological causes of suburbanization? What is “white flight?”- When does the era of mass suburbanization start? Compare street-car to automobile suburbs Role of Federal Government in suburbanization Role of local land-use regulation in suburbanization Role of local government fragmentation in suburbanization Primary cause of suburbanization—your opinion! Multiple-nuclei metropolis