Final Exam Study Guide - Principles of Fisheries and Wildlife Management | FIW 2114, Exams of Animal Biology

Download Final Exam Study Guide - Principles of Fisheries and Wildlife Management | FIW 2114 and more Exams Animal Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Premise is the facts from the statement, guiding principle is how you personally feel about the situation. Conclusion is just a summary of the two put together, and what the outcome would be if the statement would become reality. FIW Tests Look Over Exam 1 - Federal law providing for wildlife research and management funding through taxes on ammo, guns, and hunting supplies; Pittman-Robinson Act - Endangered Species Act is managed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Marine Fisheries Service - The National Environmental Policy Act was started as a result to Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, NEPA requires assessments of wildlife and endangered species prior to initiating actions with environmental impacts. - An interacting assemblage of populations of different species describes a community. - Major life history traits: age of sexual maturity, adult size, lifespan, parental care strategy, and average number of offspring. - A measure of recruitment is the number of young that reach reproductive age. - Polyandrous mating system: more males than females. - A geometric model of population growth is useful for: populations of a species not experiencing resource limitation and which reproduce in discrete periods each year. - The four most important parameters needed to understand populations dynamics are: death rates, birth rates, emigration rates, immigration rates - A metapopulation is: a set of interacting populations of the same species that are connected through the processes of immigration and emigration. - With coral reefs dying, nearest reefs are very far away. This describes the species that live in coral reefs: species that live in coral reefs are able to disperse long distances. - The effect of most density-dependent factors on population growth becomes greater with a larger population size. - Successful life history strategy is a population that increases or doesn’t change in size over time. - A keystone species: has disproportionate influence on their environment relative to biomass; and may influence the structure of an ecological community. - A K-selected species has: individuals that grow larger, live longer, reproduce later, and invest more resources into each offspring. Exam 2 - Data that showed you to allow little to no harvest of black ducks: hunting mortality in 2014 acted in an additive manner and the reproduction of black ducks in 2014 was density-independent. - The Gulf Dead Zone reaches its peak size in August: because peak respiration occurs in August as bacteria consume phytoplankton and their exudates that have aggregated and sunk to the bottom of the Gulf. - Feral Horse out west: Bureau of Land Mgt. favors storage/maintenance of horses over euthanasia; foraging/trampling hurts sage grouse; they deplete the water supplies in deserts. - Rapid coyote expansion throughout 1900s: conversion of forests to open agriculture lands; declines in native wolf populations across the US. - Reducing the harvest of antlerless deer could stabilize deer populations experiencing neonate mortality due to coyotes. - Implementing a process of structured decision making be a good choice: if objectives are clear, consequences are well-understood. General Old Stuff to Study - Endangered Species Act: protects any endangered or threatened species and their habitats. Criteria for listing- habitat destruction, over-exploitation, disease/predation, inadequate existing regulations, other manmade or natural factors affecting species survival - Density dependent sources: disease, starvation, predation, harvest (by humans), death rates increase as density increases, birth rates decrease as density increases, immigration decreases as density increases, emigration increases as density increases - Density ind.: weather, floods, natural disaster, contaminants, no relationship with density and death rates/birth rates, no relationship between immigration/emigration and density - Additive mortality: survival rates (y-axis) decrease as harvest (hunting)(x- axis) increases - Compensatory: survival rates are constant as harvest increases, until a certain point then survival rates decrease as additive mortality takes hold - R = (b – d) + (i – e) - “R” is growth rate of population over a period of time - Exponential growth (population growth that never stops) is density- independent - Logistic growth (an S-curve) is density-dependent and levels off at K (carrying capacity) - Adaptation: adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate stimuli, which moderates harm or exploits benefits - Mitigation: human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases - Adaptation is to aid in the process of something (i.e. oyster restoration, movement of salt grasses inland). Mitigation is to stop or destruct something (i.e. shutting down coal plants). - Metapopulation: group of local populations of same species that occupy different habitats; connected through corridors that allow for travel. - Some real ballers in conservation: Teddy Roosevelt (started National Wildlife Refuge, expanded systems of National Forests, just an overall fuckin BOSS!); Ding Darling (told Congress to pass Duck Stamp Act, helped establish US Fish and Wildlife Service); Aldo Leopald (founder of the science of wildlife