Key Historical Events and Movements of the 20th Century, Quizzes of World History

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TERM 1 Bull Connor DEFINITION 1 Best known for turning fire hoses and attack dogs on peaceful demonstrators in Birmingham, Alabama TERM 2 Martin Luther King Jr. DEFINITION 2 Taking his inspiration from the nonviolent methods of Gandhi, this man became the most famous civil rights leader of the 1950s and 1960s TERM 3 Winston Churchill DEFINITION 3 This man coined the expression Iron Curtain while speaking at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, 1946 TERM 4 Joseph McCarthy DEFINITION 4 This U.S. Senator from Wisconsin launched a series of sensational investigations into alleged subversions and espionage in the 1950s TERM 5 Guadal Canal DEFINITION 5 A six-month battle to dislodge Japanese forces from this island demonstrated how difficult and costly it would be to invade Japan TERM 6 Bay of Pigs DEFINITION 6 A disastrous attempt by the United States to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro in Cuba in 1961 TERM 7 Korean War DEFINITION 7 Touched off in June of 1950, this was the first significant armed conflict of the Cold War TERM 8 Manhattan Project DEFINITION 8 This top secret project resulted in the creation of Fat Man and Little Boy TERM 9 Japanese Internment DEFINITION 9 Based on real if not legitimate fears, this event forced thousands to leave their homes and businesses on the West Coast during World War II TERM 10 The Holocaust DEFINITION 10 Hitlers final solution TERM 21 NATO DEFINITION 21 Peacetime military alliance formed to prevent the Soviet Union from attacking Western nations TERM 22 Nation of Islam DEFINITION 22 African American religious movement led by Elijah Muhammad that advocated black separatism TERM 23 The New Deal DEFINITION 23 Introduced by FDR, "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself". expanded governmental role in economy and society, but did not get nation out of the Great Depression. TERM 24 Appeasement DEFINITION 24 understood to refer to a diplomatic policy aimed at avoiding war by making concessions to another power. offered to Hitler in WWII by Nevielle Chamberlain, prime minister of Britian, that gave sutendtenland to germany if Hitler would leave the rest of Czechoslovakia alone TERM 25 Lend-Lease Act DEFINITION 25 name of the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945. It was signed into law on March 11, 1941, a year and a half after the outbreak of the European war in September 1939, but nine months before the U.S. TERM 26 McCarthyism DEFINITION 26 McCarthyism is the practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence. TERM 27 Containment DEFINITION 27 United States policy using military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to stall the spread of communism, enhance America-s security and influence abroad, and prevent a "domino effect". TERM 28 Truman Doctrine DEFINITION 28 Harry Truman's assertian that american security depended on stopping communist government by taking over communist countries. began in 1947 with american aid to help greece and turkey stave off communist pressures. became a cornerstone of american foregin policy during cold war. TERM 29 Marshall Plan DEFINITION 29 The Marshall Plan was the large-scale economic American program of cash grants to Europe (with no repayment), 1947-1951. The goal of the United States was rebuilding a war-devastated region, removing trade barriers, modernizing industry, and making Europe prosperous again. TERM 30 Brown V. Board of Education DEFINITION 30 Started by Oliver Brown, WWII veteran. integrating the school system. filed suit because his daughter had to go to a black school but it was very far from their home, and a white school was only a few blocks away. TERM 31 Little Rock Nine DEFINITION 31 The Little Rock Nine were a group of African-American students who were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. The ensuing Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus, and then attended after the intervention of President Eisenhower, is considered to be one of the most important events in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. TERM 32 Selma March DEFINITION 32 The Selma to Montgomery marches were three marches in 1965 that marked the political and emotional peak of the American civil rights movement. voting rights. TERM 33 Black Power DEFINITION 33 Black Power is a political slogan espoused by black racialists and a name for various associated ideologies. TERM 34 Gulf of Tonkin DEFINITION 34 The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, or the USS Maddox Incident, are the names given to two incidents, one disputed, involving North Vietnam and the United States in the waters of the Gulf of Tonkin. TERM 35 Tet Offensive DEFINITION 35 The Tet Offensive was a military campaign during the Vietnam War that began on January 31, 1968. Regular and irregular forces of the People's Army of Vietnam fought against the forces of the Republic of Vietnam, the United States, and their allies.