Research Methods in Social Sciences: Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Health psychology

Download Research Methods in Social Sciences: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Health psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Empirical- DEFINITION 1 based on direct observations and measurements of reality. TERM 2 Probabilistic DEFINITION 2 based on probabilities TERM 3 Causal DEFINITION 3 pertaining to a cause-effect relationship TERM 4 Descriptive Studies DEFINITION 4 designed to document what is going on or what exists. Ex: public opinion polls that seek to describe the proportion of peopel who hold various opinions are descriptive in nature. TERM 5 Relational Studies DEFINITION 5 look at the relationship between two or more variables. Ex: a public opinion poll that compares the proportion of males and females that say they would vote democrat or republican in the next presidential election. TERM 6 Causal Studies DEFINITION 6 are designed to determine whether one or more variables cause or affect one or more outcome variables TERM 7 Cross-sectional study DEFINITION 7 a study that takes place at a single point in time. TERM 8 Longitudinal DEFINITION 8 A study that takes place over time TERM 9 Repeated Measures DEFINITION 9 - two or more waves of measurement over time. TERM 10 Time Series DEFINITION 10 many waves of measurement over time TERM 21 internal consistency- DEFINITION 21 In statistics and research, internal consistency is typically a measure based on the correlations between different items on the same test. TERM 22 Construct validity DEFINITION 22 approximate truth of the conclusion that your measure accurately reflects its constructs. TERM 23 Translation validity- DEFINITION 23 face validity and content validity is the operationalization a good translation of the construct? TERM 24 Face validity DEFINITION 24 see whether "on its face" it seems like a good translation of the construct. TERM 25 Content validity- DEFINITION 25 extent to which a measure represents all facets of a given social construct TERM 26 criterion related validity DEFINITION 26 the extent to which the measures are demonstrably related to concrete criteria in the "real" world Concurrent validity Predictive validity Convergent validity Discriminant validity TERM 27 Concurrent validity DEFINITION 27 established by simultaneously applying a previously validated tool or test to the same phenomenon, or database, and comparing the results. Concurrent validity is achieved if the results are highly correlated TERM 28 Predictive validity DEFINITION 28 extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure. TERM 29 Convergent validity DEFINITION 29 how similar is the measure to other measures to which is theoretically should be similar TERM 30 Discriminant validity DEFINITION 30 how different is the measure compared to other measures to which it should theoretically be different TERM 31 3 criteria before you have evidence of internal validity: DEFINITION 31 temporal precedence -covariation of the cause and effect -no plausible alternative explanations TERM 32 temporal precedence DEFINITION 32 cause happened before your effect TERM 33 -covariation of the cause and effect DEFINITION 33 show that you have a relationship at all TERM 34 no plausible alternative explanations DEFINITION 34 rule out other possibilities TERM 35 maturation threat- DEFINITION 35 a threat to validity that occurs as a result of natural maturation between pre and postmeasurement TERM 46 selection mortality threat DEFINITION 46 arises when there is a differential nonrandom dropout between the groups during the study TERM 47 selection regression threat DEFINITION 47 occurs when there are different rates of regression to the mean in the two groups TERM 48 Social Interaction threats DEFINITION 48 Diffusion imitation of treatments Compensatory rivalry Resentful demoralization Compensatory equalization of treatment TERM 49 Compensatory equalization of treatment DEFINITION 49 when the control group is given a program or treatment TERM 50 Resentful demoralization DEFINITION 50 when the comparison group knows what the program group is getting and becomes discourages or angry and gives up TERM 51 Compensatory rivalry- DEFINITION 51 occurs when one group knows the program another group is getting, and because of them develops a competitive attitude with the other group TERM 52 Diffusion imitation of treatments- DEFINITION 52 a social threat to internal validity that occurs because a comparison group learns about the program either directly or indirectly from program to program TERM 53 Variability DEFINITION 53 extent to which the values measured or observed for a variable differ TERM 54 Covariates DEFINITION 54 - variables you adjust for your study TERM 55 Probabilistic equivalence DEFINITION 55 - the notion that two groups, if measured infinitely, would on average perform identicallyin a real setting 2 groups that are probabilistically equivalent would obtain exact same avg score is seldom TERM 56 ANOVA DEFINITION 56 analysis of variance- an analysis that estimates the difference between groups on a posttest. TERM 57 Factorial designs DEFINITION 57 designs that focus on program or treatment, its components, and its major dimensions and enable you to determine whether the program has an effect, whether the different subcomponents are effective, and whether there are interactions in the effects caused by subcomponents TERM 58 Interaction effect DEFINITION 58 an effect that occurs when differences on one factor depend on which level you are on another factor. Interaction is between factors, not levels TERM 59 Fully crossed factorial design DEFINITION 59 a design that includes the pairing of every combination of factor levels TERM 60 Incomplete factorial design DEFINITION 60 some cells or combinations in a fully crossed factorial design are intentionally left empty