Soil Terminology and Properties, Quizzes of Introduction to Business Management

Download Soil Terminology and Properties and more Quizzes Introduction to Business Management in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Soil DEFINITION 1 An accumulation of solid particles produced by mechanical and chemical disintegration of rocks. TERM 2 Coarse-Grained Soil DEFINITION 2 Referred to as cohesionless soilsHighly-permeable TERM 3 Fine-Grained Soil DEFINITION 3 Silts and ClaysMost of the particles pass No.200Cohesive soilsLow permeability TERM 4 Expansive (Clay) Soil DEFINITION 4 soil that swells when exposed to moisturecharacterized by surface cracks when drysamples to determine TERM 5 Soil Profile DEFINITION 5 Weathering creates distinct layers parallel to the surfaceEach layer has distinctive properties TERM 6 Bedrock DEFINITION 6 the solid rock that underlies all soil, sand, clay, gravel, and loose material on the earth's surface; the bottom layer TERM 7 Deformation Relocation Expulsion DEFINITION 7 Settlement is caused by: -_______ of soil particles -_______ of soil particles -_______ of water or air from the voids TERM 8 Instantaneous DEFINITION 8 Granular soils are freely drained, and thus the settlement is _____? TERM 9 Clay Soils DEFINITION 9 Settlements occur over a long time which could be several years in what type of soils? TERM 10 Groundwater Table DEFINITION 10 The depth at which soil voids become fully saturated with water is called the _________. TERM 21 Semi-Solid State DEFINITION 21 The soil may undergo limited deformation with some cracks (cheese) TERM 22 Solid State DEFINITION 22 The soil breaks before it deforms (hard candy) TERM 23 Liquid Plastic Semi-Solid Solid DEFINITION 23 4 Basic states of soil TERM 24 Liquid Limit Plastic Limit Shrinkage Limit DEFINITION 24 Atterberg Limits TERM 25 Liquid Limit DEFINITION 25 The moisture content at the point of transition from plastic to liquid.One of the Atterberg Limits TERM 26 Plastic Limit DEFINITION 26 The moisture content at the point of transition from semisolid to plasticOne of the Atterberg Limits TERM 27 Shrinkage Limit DEFINITION 27 The moisture content at the point of transition from solid to semisolid.One of the Atterberg Limits TERM 28 Liquid Limit DEFINITION 28 The moisture content, in percent, required to close a distance of 12.7mm along the bottom of the groove after 25 blows. TERM 29 Plastic Limit DEFINITION 29 The moisture content in percent, at which soil crumbles, when rolled into threads of (1/8") 3.2mm in diameter. TERM 30 Plasticity Index DEFINITION 30 The difference between the liquid limit and the plastic limit of a soil.= LL - PLImportant parameter in classifying fine soils. TERM 31 Liquidity Index DEFINITION 31 Compare the in-situ moisture content of soil to its consistency indexes.LI > 1, MC is greater than its liquid limitLI < 1, MC is less than the plastic limit= (w - PL) / (LL - PL) TERM 32 Activity Equation DEFINITION 32 = (Plasticity Index) / (% of clay - Size fraction, by weight) TERM 33 Cone Penetration Test (CPT) DEFINITION 33 Measures: - Cone Resistance, qc - Sleeve Resistance, fscResults are used to estimate friction angle and modulus of elasticityDeveloped in the 1930's TERM 34 CPT Advantages DEFINITION 34 Provides much better resolution and reliability.Provides versatility; pore water pressure, dynamic soil properties. TERM 35 CPT Disadvantages DEFINITION 35 Does not give a sample.Will not work with soil with gravel.Need to mobilize a special rig. TERM 46 Mineralogy Shape Gradation Void Ratio DEFINITION 46 Factors Affecting Frictional Strength4 factors TERM 47 Mineralogy DEFINITION 47 micaceous sands has lower angle(sands with small quantity of mica) TERM 48 Shape DEFINITION 48 angular particles have a much higher angle than that of rounded ones TERM 49 Gradation DEFINITION 49 well graded soils have more interlocking, greater angle, than poorly graded TERM 50 Void Ratio DEFINITION 50 decreasing ____ ____ increases interlocking, resulting in a greater angle TERM 51 Cohesive Strength DEFINITION 51 -The result of bonding between the soil particles-Provides shear strength to the soil even when the effective stress is zero-Sometimes ignored in the design TERM 52 Quicksand DEFINITION 52 Soils with no shear strength that behave as heavy fluid.Occurs naturally.Danger in dewatered excavations. TERM 53 Sensitivity (Quick Clays) DEFINITION 53 The strength of this clay in highly disturbed condition is much less than in an undisturbed condition.Reason: These clays have very delicate structure that is destroyed when disturbed. TERM 54 Unconfined Compression Test DEFINITION 54 Uses a cylindrical soil sample with no lateral confinement.An axial compressive load is gradually applied to the soil until it fails.Load is applied fairly rapidly to simulate undrained conditions. TERM 55 In-Situ Methods DEFINITION 55 Provide useful indication of the variation of shear strength parameters with depth and location.3 common methods: - Standard Penetration Test - Cone Penetration Test - Pocket Penetrometer TERM 56 Pocket Penetrometer DEFINITION 56 Pushed directly into the soil.Unconfined compression strength is measured by a calibrated spring.Can be used both in the laboratory and in the field.