Computer Science Basics: Software Dev, Data Types, Algorithms, and Programming, Quizzes of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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TERM 1 3 Phases of Software Development DEFINITION 1 Development and DesignDocumentationMaintenance TERM 2 4 Phases of Design and Development DEFINITION 2 AnalysisDesignCodingTesting TERM 3 Algorithm DEFINITION 3 Step-by-step sequence ofinstructionsthat must terminate TERM 4 Two Low-Level Computer Languages DEFINITION 4 Machine-LevelAssembly TERM 5 High Level Computer Languages DEFINITION 5 Visual BasicCC++Java TERM 6 Parts of a Computer DEFINITION 6 Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)Control UnitMemory UnitInput and Output Units (I/O)Central Processing Unit (CPU)Secondary StorageMicroprocessor TERM 7 Data Types DEFINITION 7 Built InsUser Defines (classes)The types of data permitted and the operations allowed for each typeDefined set of values and a set of operations that can be applied to these values TERM 8 Arithmetic Operators DEFINITION 8 The operators used for arithmetic operations(+,-,%,*,/) TERM 9 Declaring Variables DEFINITION 9 Use a declaration statement (initializethe variable)Ex: int variableName; TERM 10 Naming an Identifier DEFINITION 10 Constants arecapitalizedCannot name an identifier after a functionCannot have spaces in the name TERM 21 How to Make a Selection Statement Control More Than One Line of Code DEFINITION 21 Use curly braces TERM 22 Pre-Test Loop DEFINITION 22 A loop that has to meet a condition before the loop is executed TERM 23 Post-Test Loop DEFINITION 23 A loop that uses a condition at the end of the execution TERM 24 Comparing Pre/Post-Test Loops DEFINITION 24 Post-Test Loops are guarenteed to run at least once, while pre-test may not run at allThey both have conditions they have to pass to continue executing TERM 25 Comparing Selection Statements and Loops DEFINITION 25 Selection Statements run a defined number of times, while a loop will run until the condition is met TERM 26 Sentinel DEFINITION 26 Any value that indicates something special like the start and end of a data fileGuards from somethinghappening TERM 27 Calling a Function DEFINITION 27 Must be defined first or initializedReturns a single value using a return statement and pass-by-valueMore than one value returned uses pass-by-reference TERM 28 Pass-By-Value DEFINITION 28 When a function only recieves copies of the values contained in arguments at the time of the call TERM 29 Pass-By-Reference DEFINITION 29 When afunctionreceivesthe address of the values contained in arguments and can change the value stored there TERM 30 When to Use Pass-By-Reference DEFINITION 30 Ask yourself these questions:Is one of the parameters modified?Does the callingfunctionneed to know that functions changed? TERM 31 Scope DEFINITION 31 The section of the program where the identifier, such as a variable, is valid or knownExtend scope by using Global Scope TERM 32 Variable Lifetime DEFINITION 32 How long a variable stays in a programTypes:StaticAutoRegister TERM 33 Declaring an Array DEFINITION 33 Create a constant for the number of items in the arrayUse a declaration statement with brackets containing a constant TERM 34 Initializing an Array DEFINITION 34 Use a declaration statement to fill the elements of the array TERM 35 Selection Sort DEFINITION 35 Assume the first value is smaller, check all other values, replace the next smallest value with the initial value TERM 46 What does * do? DEFINITION 46 Dereferences a pointer TERM 47 What does -> do? DEFINITION 47 A pointer and dereferencer all in one(*x).getNamethis- >x.getName TERM 48 Declaring a Pointer DEFINITION 48 int *x; TERM 49 Allocating Memory Dynamically DEFINITION 49 int *x = new int[10]; TERM 50 Reference vs. Pointer DEFINITION 50 Both store addressesThe value at the address of a pointer can be changed since it is a variableA pointer also has to be dereferenced TERM 51 Classes DEFINITION 51 Class is private bydefaultClasses have the data and operationsclass "name of class"{private:public:}; TERM 52 Structures DEFINITION 52 Public bydefaultOnly has the dataOrganizes datastruct "name of structure"{}; TERM 53 Data Hiding DEFINITION 53 Making data privateShowing only what you want the user to see TERM 54 Constructor DEFINITION 54 A constructorinitializesdataHas no return type and has the same name as the classCalled by the function name followed by parenthesis ( )Board::Board(){} TERM 55 Setter Method DEFINITION 55 Modifies the data/private fields TERM 56 Getter Method DEFINITION 56 Returns the data type TERM 57 Destructor DEFINITION 57 Releases resources and data/memory back to the computerCalled when the function is out of scope or when the user calls it TERM 58 "this" pointer DEFINITION 58 a pointer to the current operator TERM 59 Assignment Operators DEFINITION 59 Assigns a new value to a variableVector tdl;tdl = 3; TERM 60 Copy Constructor DEFINITION 60 Creates a new variable and assigns an old variable value to itVector tdl, tdl2;Vector tdl3 = tdl;