Roles of President & Congress in US Govt: Advice, Consent, Appropriations, Checks & Balanc, Study notes of Local Government Studies

Download Roles of President & Congress in US Govt: Advice, Consent, Appropriations, Checks & Balanc and more Study notes Local Government Studies in PDF only on Docsity! Advice and Consent: Presidents nominate people to federal office and negotiate treaties with other nations, but these actions become official only after the Senate gives its “advice and consent.” Such sharing of power between the executive and legislative branches of the federal government is a critical part of the system of checks and balances. The president cannot do this without the senate. Agenda setting: the power of the media to bring public attention to particular issues and problems Appropriations: the amounts of money approved by Congress in bills that each unit/agency of government can spend Closed Rule: a provision by the House Rules Committee limiting or prohibiting the introduction of amendments curing debate Cloture: a rule following a majority of 2/3 or 3/5 of the members of a legislative body to set a time limit on debate over a given bill Delegated Powers: constitutional powers that are assigned to one governmental agency but that are exercised by another agency with the express permission of the first Executive Agreement: an agreement made between the president and another country that has the force of a treaty but does not require the Senate’s advice and consent Executive Order: a rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect ad formal statuses of legislation Expressed Powers: specific powers granted by the constitution to Congress and to the president Framing: the power of the media to influence how events and issues are interpreted Filibuster: a tactic used by members of the Senate to prevent action on legislation they oppose by continuously holding the floor and speaking until the majority back down requires a vote of 3/5 of the Senate to end the filibuster Free Exercise Clause: the first Amendment clause that protects a citizen’s right to believe and practice whatever religion he chooses Gender Gap: a distinctive pattern of voting behavior reflecting the differences in views between women and men Gerrymandering: apportionment of voters in districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to one racial or ethnic group or political party Goldman v. Weinberger: a Supreme Court case in which a Jewish air force officer was denied the right to wear a yarmulke when in uniform on the grounds that the free exercise clause applies less strictly to the military than to ordinary citizens Impeachment: the formal charge by the House of Rep that a government official has committed “Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors” Incumbency Advantages: holding a political office for which one is running Inherent Powers: powers claimed by a president that are not expressed in the Constitution but are inferred from it Interest Groups: individuals who organize to influence the governments programs and policies Judicial Review: the power of the courts to review and if necessary declare actions of the legislative and executive branches invalid or unconstitutional Line item veto: the President has the power to veto just one part of a bill that he does not approve of instead of vetoing the entire bill (no longer constitutional) Marbury v. Madison: first decision of the supreme court of the US to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional thus establishing the doctrine of judicial review. The case resulted from a petition to the Supreme Court by Marbury, who had been appointed by President John Adams as Justice of the Peace but whose commission was not subsequently delivered. Marbury petitioned the Supreme Court to force Madison (secretary of state) to deliver the documents but the court denied Marbury’s petition, holding that the part of the statute upon which he based his claim was unconstitutional. Open Rule: a provision by the House Rules Committee that permits floor debate and the addition of new amendments to a bill Original Jurisdiction: the authority to initially consider a case Parties in Government: democrat/republican parties as they operate Parties in the Electorate: how the parties interact with the voters Parties as an Organization: how parties are organized as organizations Primary Elections: elections held to select a party’s candidate for the federal election Priming: process of preparing the public to take a particular view of an event or political actor Prospective Voting: voting based on the imagines future performance of a candidate Public Opinion: citizen’s attitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions, and events