Social Psychology Terminology and Concepts, Quizzes of Social Psychology

Download Social Psychology Terminology and Concepts and more Quizzes Social Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Social Psychology DEFINITION 1 is a scientific study of the way in which peoples behavior (thoughts, feelings, and actions) are influenced by the real or imagined presence of others TERM 2 Fundamental Attribution Error DEFINITION 2 is peoples tendency to overestimate the attribution to the persons behavior and not take the situation into consideration TERM 3 construals DEFINITION 3 the way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world. TERM 4 observational method DEFINITION 4 the technique whereby a researcher observes people and systematically records measurements or impressions of their behavior TERM 5 ethnography DEFINITION 5 the method by which resesarchers attempt to understand a group or culture by observing it from the inside without imposing any preconceived notions they might have TERM 6 Interjudge Reliability DEFINITION 6 the level of agreement between 2 or more people who independently observe and code a set of data TERM 7 Participation Observation DEFINITION 7 observation in which the observer interacts directly with the people being observed, but tries not to change the situation TERM 8 Correlational Method DEFINITION 8 the technique whereby two or more variables are systematically measured and the relationship between them (i.e. how much one can be predicted from the other) is assessed. Does not indicate cause of social behavior TERM 9 Correlational Coefficient DEFINITION 9 - statistical technique where you can predict one variable from another TERM 10 surveys DEFINITION 10 research in which a representative sample of people are asked questions about their attitudes or behavior and can be used to judge variables that you wouldnt normally be able to judge. TERM 21 2 schemas we judge people on DEFINITION 21 1. warmth and cold levels2. competence levels TERM 22 Attribution Theory DEFINITION 22 a description of the way in which people explain the causes of their own and others behaviors TERM 23 Internal Attribution DEFINITION 23 the inference that a person is behaving in a certain way because of something about the person, such as attitude, character, or personality TERM 24 External Attribution DEFINITION 24 the inference that a person is behaving a certain way because of something about the situation he or she is in; the assumption is that most people would respond the same way in that situation TERM 25 Self Serving Attributions DEFINITION 25 explanations for ones successes that credit internal, and dispositional factors and explanations for ones failures TERM 26 Social Perception DEFINITION 26 the study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people TERM 27 Independent View of the Self DEFINITION 27 o a way of defining oneself in terms of ones own internal thoughts, feelings, actions, and not in terms of thoughts, feelings, or actions of others TERM 28 Interdepedent View of the Self DEFINITION 28 a way of defining oneself in terms of ones relationships to other people and recognizing that ones behavior is often determined by the influence of others TERM 29 2 Factor Theory DEFINITION 29 Schacters idea that emotional experience is the result of a two stage perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek appropriate explanation for it. TERM 30 Cognitive Appraisal DEFINITION 30 used in the absence of physiological arousal, we have to interpret the event as well as what caused the situation.whether we interpret situation as good or bad and what we believe the cause of the event to be TERM 31 Cognitive Dissonance DEFINITION 31 a drive or feeling of discomfort, originally defined as being caused by holding two or more inconsistent cognitions and subsequently defined as being caused by performing an action that is discrepant from ones customary, typically positive self conception TERM 32 Self Discrepancy DEFINITION 32 o people maintain consistency in their beliefs and perceptions and become distressed with discrepancy between actual self and ideal self TERM 33 Self Completion DEFINITION 33 o argues that many of the activities that individuals enact- such as the possessions they purchase- are intended to substantiate their definition of themselves by clarifying their identity TERM 34 Self Affirmation DEFINITION 34 in the content of dissonance theory, a way of reducing dissonance by reminding oneself of one or more of ones positive attributes TERM 35 Self Evaluation Maintenance DEFINITION 35 focuses on the consequences of another persons outstanding performance on ones own self evaluation and conditions under which it threatens self evaluation through a comparison process. Useful in marriages TERM 46 Obedience DEFINITION 46 a directed order or command TERM 47 Social Impact Theory DEFINITION 47 the idea that conforming to social influence depends on the groups importance, immediacy, and the number of people in the group TERM 48 Group Polarization DEFINITION 48 the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme that the initial inclinations of its members TERM 49 Contingency Theory of Leadership DEFINITION 49 idea that leadership effectiveness depends both on how task oriented or relationship oriented the leader is and on the amount of control and influence the leader has over the group TERM 50 Transformational Leaders DEFINITION 50 leaders who inspire followers to focus on common, long term goals. Tend to think outside the box TERM 51 Transactional Leaders DEFINITION 51 leaders who set clear, short term goals and reward people who meet them