Biblical and Historical Components of Ancient Judaism: From the Yahwist to the Essenes, Quizzes of World Religions

Download Biblical and Historical Components of Ancient Judaism: From the Yahwist to the Essenes and more Quizzes World Religions in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Describe the components of the documentary hypothesis and discuss at least one example of a biblical text that shows evidence of DEFINITION 1 J = Yahwist -- "Yahweh"; pro- Judah; God as anthropomorphic, close to humans E = Elohist -- "Elohim"; pro-Israel; God as distant; really likes Moses D = Deuteronomist -- rules, laws; Deuteronomy P = Priestly -- observance of rituals TERM 2 Describe the schism between the Samaritans and the Judeans. What are the similarities and differences between these groups? DEFINITION 2 - Samaritans: claimed descent from old Joseph tribes of N (Eph and Men), called selves Israelites; mixed race from intermarrying; Judeans (Ezra, Nehemiah) coming back from Bab Cap didn't see them as true Jews; moved to Mt. Gerizim and built own temple there - Judeans: Those who returned from the Bab Cap (Ezra, Nehemiah), elites and such, didn't approve of the intermarrying and wouldn't let the Sam.s participate in ritual at the Temple TERM 3 Describe the story told in the Book of Tobit. What is its genre, when is it thought to have been composed, and what is the point DEFINITION 3 Story: Tobit = righteous man, worked to make sure all dead buried adhering to Jewish law; loses money and blinded by bird poop -> wants to die; Sarah has 7 dead husbands -> wants to die; Son, Tobias -> journey -> angel, Raphael -> fish foot -> meets Sarah -> marries her -> fish parts -> :) Genre: Fiction Composed: pretends to be during Assyrian period (650-600 BCE) but really after Persian period (500-100 BCE) Points: God will fix stuff if you stay close; priests wrote it to encourage poor people to get int TERM 4 Later J. tradition glorifies the Macc.s /Hasmoneans as good rulers & leaders. Were they good/bad? Discuss, citing 2 examples of DEFINITION 4 - Maccabees started with good intentions w/ the revolt: to fight against Antiochus IV's Judaism ban - John Hyrcanus I: forcibly converted Idumaeans and other non-Jews - Aristobulus I: forcibly converted intermarried ppl in Galilee; imprisoned bros & mom; had a bro put to death; his widow, Salome Alexandra, was probs the best - Alexander Jannaeus broke Jewish law (he was also high priest and he married nonvirgin, poured holy water on ground) TERM 5 How did the Essenes (Qumran sect) interpret/understand biblical scripture? Describe their method, citing at least 2 examples to DEFINITION 5 Essenes: Emerged out of disgust with corrupt Pharisees and Sadducees; moved out of Jerusalem -> Qumran; DSS attributed to them Strict adherence to written tradition No free will, yes predestination/fate Anti-Hellenism TERM 6 What method underlies Philos approach to scripture? Why were his writings preserved by early Christians? DEFINITION 6 Philo (1st C CE) -- from Alexandria; born wealthy; well educated in Judaism and Greek phil.; mostly Stoic LOGOS - God's blueprint, plan for the world, creative principle Fusion of J. theology + Greek mystery religions Laid foundation for development of Christianity, influenced Paul's and John's gospels TERM 7 Which factors made the outbreak of the 1st Jewish Revolt vs Rome in 66 CE inevitable? Describe general causes & illustrate your DEFINITION 7 - Caligula decided that he wanted to be worshiped by everyone in the Roman empire as a god; gentiles in Egypt persecuted Jews bc they refused to participate; Calig tried to put a statue of himself in the Jerusalem temple - Emp. Nero needed money & made his Procurator Florus take from the Temple and ended up crucifying some Jews - In general, the Romans didn't like Judaism and wanted to put it down (religious tension bw Jews & Roman govt) - After years of Roman taxation, Jews were poor and unemployed and pis TERM 8 Describe Josephus JW & JA. How were his writings influenced by his bg & exp., pol. consid.s, personal biases & agendas, & DEFINITION 8 - Jewish War: ca 80 CE; story of 1st Jewish revolt vs Romans; account starts w/ Hasmoneans to show causes; ends w/ fall of Masada; message - to subjects, don't revolt & to Romans, revolt was by extremists, Jews are cool; - Jewish Antiquities: ca 94 CE; entire scope of Jewish history to Roman audience; written when revolt & aftermath were less immediate; exalts Jews in the eyes of the Greco-Roman world - TERM 9 2 Jewish revolts vs Rome erupted after 70 CE in the aftermath of the destr. of Jerusalem & the 2nd Temple. Discuss immediate & l DEFINITION 9 - Diaspora Revolt (115-7): Jews expected to rebuild the temple; became anxious then Messianic figures appeared promising to lead Jews to rebuilding -> Revolt; in Egypt, Cyrene, Cyprus, Mesop. - Bar-Kokhba Revolt (132-5): Hadrian decided to rebuild Jeru. as a Pagan-Roman city; Bar-Kokhba (Simon ben Kosiba) led revolt - Jewish settlements in Jud. destroyed, Jews dispersed/killed; Judea - > Syria-Palestina & Jeru. -> Aelia Capitolina; Jews couldn't live in Jeru.; Judaism restricted (no circumcision) TERM 10 How did Judaism survive the destruction of the Second Temple? DEFINITION 10 ...