Chemistry Terminology and Concepts, Quizzes of Chemistry

Download Chemistry Terminology and Concepts and more Quizzes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 rate law for first order reaction DEFINITION 1 Rate=k[A] TERM 2 integrated rate law DEFINITION 2 ln[At]=ln[A0] - kt TERM 3 hydrogen peroxide titration color change DEFINITION 3 purple solution to colorless solution TERM 4 half life equation DEFINITION 4 (k) x (half life) = ln2 TERM 5 specific heat capacity DEFINITION 5 amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree C (or K) TERM 6 specific heat capacity equation DEFINITION 6 q= (m) x (c) x (delta T)q is in Jm is in gc is in J/gCT is in C TERM 7 Law of Dulong and Petit DEFINITION 7 molar heat capacity of any solid metal is approximately 3R, where R is the gas constant 8.31 J/mol K TERM 8 calorimeter DEFINITION 8 insulated container that prevents heat loss to or absorption of heat from the outside surroundings TERM 9 colligative properties DEFINITION 9 physical properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles, but not the kind of particles, dissolved in solution boiling point elevation freezing point depression osmotic pressure increase vapor pressure lowering TERM 10 molality DEFINITION 10 moles of solute per kilogram of solvent TERM 21 efficiency of a solar cell DEFINITION 21 percentage of the total energy input that does useful work and is not converted into low-quality, generally useless heat TERM 22 goal of SunShot initiative DEFINITION 22 decrease the cost of solar cells to $1/W TERM 23 point of adding tea to TiO2 in solar cell DEFINITION 23 TiO2 is colorless but the chromophores from tea can absorb visible photons and inject electrons into the TiO2 TERM 24 voltage relationship with light DEFINITION 24 voltage increases as the light gets brighter TERM 25 biofuel DEFINITION 25 fuels produced from renewable resources TERM 26 biodiesel DEFINITION 26 a biofuel that is synthesized from plant oils through a process known as transesterification TERM 27 transesterification of a triglyceride DEFINITION 27 three molecules of methanol produce three molecules of biodiesel and one molecule of glycerol from one molecule of a triglyceride TERM 28 excess of methanol in synthesis of a biofuel DEFINITION 28 drives the reaction to the right (towards the products) TERM 29 Karl Fischer titrator DEFINITION 29 used to determine water content TERM 30 viscosity DEFINITION 30 measurement of the resistance for flow of a liquid TERM 31 relative viscosity of biodiesel fuel DEFINITION 31 biodiesel time / soybean oil time TERM 32 nanoscience DEFINITION 32 the science and manipulation of chemical and biological structures with dimensions in the range of 1 - 100 nmnm is one billionth of a meter TERM 33 concentration of tea vs size of gold nanoparticles DEFINITION 33 the higher the concentration of tea the smaller the nanoparticles TERM 34 concentration of tea vs absorbance DEFINITION 34 as the concentration of tea increased the peak wavelength moved to the left and the peak absorbance increased TERM 35 protein folding vs entropy DEFINITION 35 folded - low entropyunfolded - high entropy TERM 46 GCMS DEFINITION 46 separates compounds into its components by the components different boiling points and affinity for the coating in the column (stationary phase) TERM 47 mass spectroscopy graph DEFINITION 47 intensity of peak on y axis, mass/charge (m/z) on x axis TERM 48 how MS can identify compounds DEFINITION 48 fragmentation TERM 49 spectral library of the MS DEFINITION 49 matches the measure signals to those of known standards and determines the likelihood that the measured signal represents a known material TERM 50 steps to isolate and extract compounds for analysis by GCMS DEFINITION 50 collection of representative sample isolation of residues (extraction) separation of co-extracted matrix components identification and quantification of target analytes confirmation of results by an additional analysis TERM 51 mobile phase of chromatography DEFINITION 51 analyte is dissolved in the mobile phase then moves to the column TERM 52 stationary phase of chromatography DEFINITION 52 in the column where there is an absorbent coating the analyte may stop moving momentarily (due to the interaction with the coating) TERM 53 isotopic pattern DEFINITION 53 groups of peaks observed for a single ion TERM 54 units of ppm DEFINITION 54 mg/L TERM 55 AA flame DEFINITION 55 oxygen-acetylene TERM 56 AA light source DEFINITION 56 hollow cathode lamp TERM 57 AA detector determines absorbance based on DEFINITION 57 the intensity of the light TERM 58 calmagite DEFINITION 58 indicator that binds with calcium ions to form a red colored complex TERM 59 three ways oxygen enters water DEFINITION 59 diffusion, aeration, and photosynthesis TERM 60 solubility of oxygen vs temperature DEFINITION 60 solubility of oxygen in water decreases with increasing temperature