Final Review - Cumulative Material - Health Counseling | HNFE 4644, Study notes of Public Health

Download Final Review - Cumulative Material - Health Counseling | HNFE 4644 and more Study notes Public Health in PDF only on Docsity! Test 1: Overarching Goals of 2020 1. Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death 2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups 3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. 4. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages. Social ecological ~Behavior is a function of the person and the environment. ~All levels are interrelated; you have to look at all parts to understand a person’s situation/context. Stages of Change Pre-contemplation: no intention to change within 6 months Contemplation: intends to change in Preparation: intends to take action in 30 days Action: has changed behavior for less than 6 months Maintenance: has changed behavior for more than 6 months Process of Change Pre-contemplation: highlights need for change, personalize: risks and benefits Contemplation: motivate, encourage making specific plans Preparation: action plans, goal setting Action: feedback, problem solving, social support, reinforcement Maintenance: coping reminders, relapse prevention Cognitive Process: ~Consciousness raising ~Self-reevaluation ~Dramatic relief ~Environmental reevaluation ~Helping Relationships Behavioral Processes: Reinforcement Management ~Self-liberation ~Counter conditioning ~Social Liberation ~Stimulus control Decisional balance ~ Usually occurs in earlier stages ~ Pros and Cons of behavior change ~ Evaluate cost vs. benefit of behavior change ~ Rate level of agreement with statements Self-efficacy ~Confidence that one can engage in the healthy behavior (specific behavior) across different challenging situations ~ Improves as progress through stages Goal setting ~Difficulty, specificity, and proximity ~Feedback and rewards ~Self-set, prescribed, participatory Behavioral contracts Should include: ~A specific behavior ~A time by when that behavior should be performed ~Punishment for not performing it Health Belief Model ~Developed to predict /explain behavior Three parts: ~The perceived threat to health/disease ~The outcome expectancies related to a behavior ~Efficacy expectations the belief that one can make a behavior change. (Self Efficacy) Cues to action and benefits/ barriers Goal difficulty ~difficult yet attainable ~difficult goals require more effort to achieve than easy goals ~as goal difficulty increases, so does the required effort and consequently performance, assuming the goal is reasonable to achieve. Goal specificity ~A specific goal provides a clear and narrow target ~Designates the type and amount of effort necessary to accomplish the goal ~General goals provide little basis for regulating one’s effort ~Goals can be set at a proximal (short-term) or distal (long-term) level. ~Proximal goals mobilize effort now ~Distal goals make it easy to postpone efforts Theory of Planned Behavior (Theory of Reasoned Action) ~A fundamental model for explaining virtually any health behavior over which the individual has control ~Behavior is determined directly by a person’s intention to perform the behavior Mediator variable Example: Self-Efficacy On the causal pathway between intervention and a behavior change. Moderator variable Age, gender, SES Collective efficacy ~How the group feels as how capable they are of meeting their goals. Relapse prevention ~Anticipate and cope with the reality of relapse ~is a transitional process ~RP approach aims to give the necessary skills and cognitive strategies to prevent lapse snowballing into relapse Reciprocal determinism ~The dynamic interaction of the person, behavior and the environment in which the behavior is performed ~  Personal determinants  Behavioral Determinants  Environmental determinants 