Geology Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Earth Sciences

Download Geology Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Earth Sciences in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 The Hawaiian Islands are located over a..... DEFINITION 1 hot spot/melt spot TERM 2 Conditions that favor elastic deformation: DEFINITION 2 stress below elastic limit and relatively short time TERM 3 The most important agent of metamorphism: DEFINITION 3 heat TERM 4 Provides direct measurements of groundwater movement: DEFINITION 4 chemicals, carbon-14, temperature TERM 5 Viscoelastic relaxation can cause.... DEFINITION 5 delayed aftershocks TERM 6 Evidence supporting "Continental Drift" DEFINITION 6 -Fit of continental coastlines on opposite sides of the Atlantic ocean -Rock type and structural similarities -Fossil correlation TERM 7 The upper limit of the zone of saturation DEFINITION 7 water table TERM 8 water table DEFINITION 8 The water table is the level at which the groundwater pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. TERM 9 subsidence of the land surface may be caused by: DEFINITION 9 -excess removal of fluids from an aquifer -heavily pumping petroleum from an oil field TERM 10 Cone of Depression DEFINITION 10 A cone of depression occurs in an aquifer when groundwater is pumped from a well. TERM 21 Essential to life, composed of regolith and humus, easily eroded DEFINITION 21 soil TERM 22 Most abundant chemical sedimentary rock DEFINITION 22 limestone TERM 23 Foliation DEFINITION 23 Foliation is any penetrative planar fabric present in rocks. TERM 24 Rocks with non-foliated metamorphic textures DEFINITION 24 Quartzite and Marble TERM 25 Differential Stress DEFINITION 25 Unequal stress in different directions TERM 26 Newton's 2nd law DEFINITION 26 -the force applied to a body produces a proportional acceleration - Force = mass x acceleration TERM 27 The approximate age of the Earth DEFINITION 27 5 billion years TERM 28 Pangea began to break up ______ years ago DEFINITION 28 200,000,000 TERM 29 Viscosity DEFINITION 29 resistance to flow TERM 30 The Cretaceous-Paleocence boundary corresponds to... DEFINITION 30 The extinction of dinosaurs TERM 31 Plate motions are typically... DEFINITION 31 a few centimeters a year TERM 32 Archbishop Usher concluded that the Earth was created... DEFINITION 32 in 4004 B.C. TERM 33 3 ways to melt rock: DEFINITION 33 -add volatiles - increase temperature -decrease pressure TERM 34 2 plutonic rock DEFINITION 34 -Gabbro -Granite TERM 35 Most directly influences the rate of chemical weathering DEFINITION 35 surface area TERM 46 Basaltic magma is associated with... DEFINITION 46 mild eruptions TERM 47 Caldera DEFINITION 47 a cauldron-like volcanic feature usually formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption. TERM 48 Mauna Loa is a... DEFINITION 48 shield volcano TERM 49 The Gros Ventre Slide, WY DEFINITION 49 a mass wasting event TERM 50 Tsunami velocities are controlled by: DEFINITION 50 water depth TERM 51 Earthquakes are often preceded by... DEFINITION 51 strange animal behavior TERM 52 Charles Richter DEFINITION 52 formulates the Richter Scale TERM 53 S-waves can travel through... DEFINITION 53 rock TERM 54 What is the number of seismic stations required to locate an earthquake? DEFINITION 54 at least 3 TERM 55 Type of seismic waves that cause the most damage DEFINITION 55 P-waves TERM 56 The largest earthquakes occur... DEFINITION 56 along subduction zones TERM 57 Mechanical agents of weathering: DEFINITION 57 -thermal expansion -frost wedging -unloading