Serial Murders and Violent Crimes: Definitions and Typologies, Quizzes of Criminology

Download Serial Murders and Violent Crimes: Definitions and Typologies and more Quizzes Criminology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 what are six sources of violence in U.S. history(Davis & Gurr) DEFINITION 1 1. Revolutionary doctrine. 2. A frontier experience that legitimized violence and vigilante justice. 3. A competitive hierarchy of immigrants. 4. A pervasive fear of governmental power. 5. The Industrial Revolution and the great internal migration. 6. High levels of relative deprivation. TERM 2 Serial murder DEFINITION 2 killing of several people in three or more seperate incidents separated by weeks or more TERM 3 Mass murder DEFINITION 3 Killing of four or more victims at one location on a single occasion TERM 4 Spree Murder DEFINITION 4 Killing at two or more locations with almost no time no time break between murder TERM 5 Typology of Serial Murders (Holmes & DeBurger): DEFINITION 5 1. Visionaries 2. Mission-oriented 3. Hedonist 4. Power/control TERM 6 Visionaries (serial murder) DEFINITION 6 Believed to be suffering from some sort of psychosis, they kill in response to visions or voices. TERM 7 Mission Oriented (serial murder) DEFINITION 7 Their mission in life is to get rid of society's undesirables, for ex. prostitutes TERM 8 Hedonists (serial murder) DEFINITION 8 pleasure seeking murderers. they kill for the rush of doing so TERM 9 Power/control (serial murder) DEFINITION 9 they kill in order to feel powerful over the victim and enjoy watching them suffer and beg for mercy. TERM 10 Victimology DEFINITION 10 the study containing to the victims of crime. TERM 21 Anger rape? DEFINITION 21 40% the sexual attack is a means of exerting anger or rage TERM 22 Power rape? DEFINITION 22 55% the sexual attack is used to assert power over the victim TERM 23 Sadistic rape DEFINITION 23 5% are just to torment victim psychologically TERM 24 Naive grasper (Glaser) DEFINITION 24 Don't know much about the female anatomy, doesn't mean to, but just doesn't have enough experience to attain to the female's needs. thinks that their crude advances will be met with affection TERM 25 Meaning stretchers (Glaser) DEFINITION 25 Takes what the female says and stretches it, even if they say no. TERM 26 Sex Looters (Glaser) DEFINITION 26 Have little desire for affection, and just use the female body as a sex object TERM 27 Group conformers (Glaser) DEFINITION 27 are in a group and conforming to rape because the others are doing it, and a need to demonstrate their masculinity. TERM 28 Sexual predators DEFINITION 28 sexual predators on children Megans Law requires states to inform local communities when known high-risk sex offenders are being released. TERM 29 Stalker DEFINITION 29 Deliberately and without justification following or surveying another person. also includes threatening another person with immediate or future harm. TERM 30 Robbery DEFINITION 30 Stealing through violence or the threat of violence TERM 31 Professional robbers (Conklin) DEFINITION 31 Long term commit to robbing and it is a major source of livelihood TERM 32 The opportunist robbers (Conklin) DEFINITION 32 The people that rob out of the ease of the action at the time. TERM 33 The Addict robber (Conklin) DEFINITION 33 these robbers are addicts that rob in order to support their expensive habits TERM 34 Alcoholic Robber (Conklin) DEFINITION 34 same as addict, but for alcohol TERM 35 Domestic Violence DEFINITION 35 Violence in the home TERM 46 Occasional Property crimes (career) DEFINITION 46 Criminals that commit these crimes aren't committed to the act of committing crime, but will commit the act if the cost appears to be at a reasonable level below what would be dangerous. TERM 47 Conventional property crimes (career) DEFINITION 47 The minor leaguers/pros at crime TERM 48 Occasional property crimes: Shoplifting DEFINITION 48 The stealing of products from a store or industry TERM 49 Boosters (or heels) DEFINITION 49 Professional robbers that have method and techniques for stealing TERM 50 Snitches DEFINITION 50 those that shoplift that don't consider themselves to be criminals TERM 51 Vandalism DEFINITION 51 the willful destruction of property without the owner or agent of the owner. TERM 52 Motor Vehicle theft DEFINITION 52 the stealing of a car. "grand theft auto" TERM 53 Check Forgery DEFINITION 53 Making, altering, uttering, or possessing with intent tio defraud or to make something appear true. so cashing checks for wrong amounts. TERM 54 Naive check forgers DEFINITION 54 need immediate payment to solve a crisis of the world. Then they do not consider themselves criminals. TERM 55 Systematic check forger DEFINITION 55 Professional that makes his living by passing bad checks TERM 56 Fence DEFINITION 56 Dealers in stolen goods. they take the stolen goods and give the thief money. TERM 57 Shadow Professionals DEFINITION 57 supplement legitimate incomes with stealing TERM 58 Wanton Vandalism DEFINITION 58 "senseless" vandalism. most common form of vandalism TERM 59 Predatory vandalism DEFINITION 59 vandalism for a gain. TERM 60 Vindictive Vandalism DEFINITION 60 Vandalism done out of hatred TERM 71 Burglary DEFINITION 71 unlawful entry of a structure to commit a larceny/theft TERM 72 Burglary: Professionals DEFINITION 72 Highly skilled TERM 73 Burglary: Known burglars DEFINITION 73 Less sophisticated, and the police knows them TERM 74 Burglary: Young burglars DEFINITION 74 working towards professionalism TERM 75 Burglary: Juvenile burglars DEFINITION 75 Operate under fences or burglars (under 16) that rob under chance or occassion TERM 76 Burglary: Junkies DEFINITION 76 Opportunistic burglars TERM 77 Arson: Profit-Motivated arson DEFINITION 77 burning of one's house to collect the insurance. TERM 78 Arson: Revenge arson DEFINITION 78 means of getting even with arson TERM 79 Arson: Vandalism arson DEFINITION 79 Arson out of hatred for a particular group or indivisual TERM 80 Arson: Crime concealment arson DEFINITION 80 arson used to help hide a murder, the body evidence, or to deter attention from another crime TERM 81 Arson: Sabotage arson DEFINITION 81 fires set during civil disturbances such as labor or racial strife, prison riots TERM 82 Arson: Excitement arson DEFINITION 82 carried out by pyromaniacs out of excitement TERM 83 Characteristics of a occasional offender DEFINITION 83 Mild societal reaction. Strongly identify with middle-class values. Easily deterred from future crime. Weak criminal identification. TERM 84 Characteristics of a conventional offender DEFINITION 84 Strong societal reaction. Often lower-class. Less easily deterred. More likely to identify with criminal behavior. TERM 85 Professional criminals DEFINITION 85 criminals that earn a considerable portion of their livelihood through criminal pursuits. Some characteristics: Crime is sole livelihood Criminal career is highly developed Considerable skill is involved High status in the criminal world Overall success at avoiding detection TERM 96 Professional fences: Outlet fences DEFINITION 96 Sells the illegal things along with the hot goods TERM 97 Professional fences: Professional fence DEFINITION 97 Major dealers of the stolen goods TERM 98 Professional fences: Master fence DEFINITION 98 involved with the entire theft from the planning to the selling TERM 99 Paper hangers DEFINITION 99 Those that pass bad checks or other documents TERM 100 Professional Robbers (2 traits) DEFINITION 100 Unique in that they are willing to use force -professionals seem to focus on commercial establishments. TERM 101 Characteristics of Professionals DEFINITION 101 They may specialize in more than one area of crime. They look down upon the tactics and the senseless violence of amateur criminals. They avoid the "rough stuff". they pick out the victims carefully to maximize profits and minimize risks. TERM 102 Routine Activities theory DEFINITION 102 Likely criminals, likely targets, and guardianship TERM 103 Developmental/life course theories DEFINITION 103 Property crime peaks in a persons teens and rapidly declines TERM 104 Anomie theory DEFINITION 104 Emphasizes material success without the provision of legitimate opportunities TERM 105 Differential association DEFINITION 105 individuals learn and become socialized to criminal activity . "through interactions you learn criminal behavior" TERM 106 Federal Agencies (organized crime) DEFINITION 106 Any group of individuals whose primary activity involves violating criminal laws to seek illegal profits and power by engaging in racketeering activities. TERM 107 the 4 characteristics of Criminological organized crime DEFINITION 107 1. in groups. 2. utilize violence or threats of violence. 3. provide illicit goods that are in public demand. 4. assure immunity for their operators through corruption and enforcement TERM 108 Types of Organized crime: Political-Social DEFINITION 108 ex. kkk TERM 109 Types of Organized crime: Mercenary DEFINITION 109 Juvenile gangs who engage in larceny, burglary, etc TERM 110 Types of Organized crime: In-group orientated DEFINITION 110 Major goal is psychological gratification rather than the profit, Semi-organized crime. EX charles manson TERM 121 Placement DEFINITION 121 Collect the dirty money and move it into the financial system TERM 122 Layering DEFINITION 122 disguising the money trail by transferring the money into the bank account of phony companies, creating false invoices and enterprises using offshore banks and wire transfers TERM 123 Integration DEFINITION 123 the now clean money can be used for investments, political campaign donations and the infiltration of legitimate enterprise TERM 124 how to keep white collar crime in check DEFINITION 124 1. Professional association. 2. administrative law. 3. traditional criminal and civil law. TERM 125 enforcement of White crimes DEFINITION 125 "recall", Orders, Warning TERM 126 Regulatory agencies DEFINITION 126 monetary penalties too small. o give the info to regulate you o understaffed, so they cant keep an eye out o commissions often come from people that are from the companies they are regulating o employees are more tuned to helping the companies they are regulate TERM 127 reasoning behind white collar crime DEFINITION 127 Not seeing the victim of the crime. The idea of not being convicting and punished is appealing TERM 128 o Serbians Oxley Act DEFINITION 128 Companies have to report their exchanges and all of their info by solidified dates TERM 129 Strain theory DEFINITION 129 If you are having financial struggle, you are morel like commit crime TERM 130 Public Order crimes DEFINITION 130 Crimes without victims or legislated morality TERM 131 Folk Crime (Ross 1961): DEFINITION 131 relatively common violations that occur in part because of the complexity of modern society, E.G. o Traffic offenses o Gambling o Tax Offenses TERM 132 Alexander Liazos DEFINITION 132 says we focus too much on the the little things ex: "prostitution" TERM 133 Broken Windows was written by DEFINITION 133 Wilson n Kelling TERM 134 CA proposition 19. (tax cannabis act of 2010) DEFINITION 134 Legalized marihuana in CA TERM 135 trends in drug use DEFINITION 135 o Declined in 1980s o Increased in early 1990S o HAS BEGUN TO DECLINE AGAIN TERM 146 Domestic Terroism DEFINITION 146 same country (KKK). Oklahoma city bombing. Lone Wolf terroism TERM 147 Terrorists believe that DEFINITION 147 the offenses are necessary. don't think that traditional means are as effective as they need to be. Fear can be used to being much attention. The ends justify the means TERM 148 which terrorists were the most dangerous DEFINITION 148 anti-abortion terrorists. TERM 149 how to stop terrorists DEFINITION 149 Military, Target hardening, airports, policing tactics (High policing), International laws TERM 150 4 goals of punishment/crime DEFINITION 150 Retribution, Incapacitation, Rehabilitation, Deterrence. TERM 151 Retribution DEFINITION 151 Give the offenders the punishment they deserve TERM 152 Incapacitation DEFINITION 152 separating offenders from society TERM 153 Rehabilitation DEFINITION 153 restoring offenders to a constructive place in society TERM 154 Deterrence DEFINITION 154 discourage and others in society from committing crime TERM 155 probation DEFINITION 155 suspending or delaying the sentencing to jail as long a the person follows guidelines. TERM 156 Parole DEFINITION 156 community release of offenders before the expiration date of their full sentence. TERM 157 only ____ % of prisoners are released after finishing their full, maximum sentence DEFINITION 157 15 TERM 158 Left Wing said to ____ DEFINITION 158 do less TERM 159 Right winged said to ______ DEFINITION 159 do more TERM 160 punishment is more lenient is when ____ DEFINITION 160 prisons become full TERM 171 Devah Pager DEFINITION 171 the study with 4 people, 2 white n two black, then 1 of them with a crim record in each pack. BUT the ones without crim record were more likely to be hired TERM 172 Recidivism DEFINITION 172 reentry to crime after release. after three years, less likely to do so. 30% during first year . 44% second year. 67.5% third year TERM 173 /Prison programs what works DEFINITION 173 Substance abuse programs, Adult basic education, vocational education TERM 174 The ____ year after us crucial to recidivism DEFINITION 174 first TERM 175 Removing barriers of reentry 3 of them DEFINITION 175 reconsider requirements for liscensed occupations, ban the box asking if you have crim history, and three: expunge criminal records TERM 176 past crimes are a _____ DEFINITION 176 strong indicator of future crime TERM 177 Liberal democracies and corrupt dictatorship lead_____ DEFINITION 177 to organized crime TERM 178 Most popular crime is ______ DEFINITION 178 larceny TERM 179 when u think of for organized crime u think of: DEFINITION 179 Syndicates TERM 180 What are most public order crimes DEFINITION 180 Mala Prohibita TERM 181 3 types of property crimes: DEFINITION 181 Larceny, Burglary, and Arson TERM 182 Organized crime is organized this way instead of categories: DEFINITION 182 on a continuum TERM 183 Public order crimes hold this definitional characteristic: DEFINITION 183 Victimless and non predatory TERM 184 Central factors (2) of white collar crime theories: DEFINITION 184 Exposure to criminal culture Decision to break law by respectable people TERM 185 broken window theory DEFINITION 185 Disorder -> Fear -> lower involvement/ investment -> less guardianship of the neighborhood -> increase in crime