Download Sociology Final Review: Demography, Urbanization, and Social Movements - Prof. Alden Evere and more Study notes Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! Sociology Final Review Book: Demography: the study of the size, composition, growth or shrinkage, and distribution of human populations. Malthus Theorem of Population: population grows geometrically (2 to 4...) and the food supply increases only arithmetically (1 to 2…) Stage of Demographic Transition: (1) High Birth Rates & High Death Rates (2) High birth rates & low death rates (3) Low birth rates & low death rates (4) Low birth rates & high death rates. Population Pyramid: a graph that represents the age and sex of a population. Fecundity: the number of children that women are capable of bearing. Fertility: the number of children women bear Concentric Zone Model of Urban Development: spreading outward from industrial to suburbs Multiple-Nuclei Model of Urban Development: A cluster of related activities. Sector Model of Urban Development: spreading of low-rent areas; pushes the middle class out & increases the sector of low-cost housing. Categories of People Who Join A Crowd: Concerned, curious spectators, ego-involved, exploiters, insecure) Riots: violent crowd behavior directed at people and property Panics: the condition of being so fearful that one cannot function normally and may even flee. Fads: a temporary pattern of behavior that catches people’s attention Urban Legend: stories with an ironic twist that sound realistic but are false. Social Movements: a large group of people who are organized to promote or resist some social change. Largest Public Segment of Social Movements: Nazi Deprivation Theory of Social Movements: what people think they should have relative to what others have, or relative to their own efforts, abilities, status, or even their perceived future. Stages of Social Movements: (1) Initial unrest and agitation. (2) Resource mobilization. (3) Organization. (4) Institutionalization. (5) Decline & death Stage at Which Most Social Movements Fail: Initial unrest and agitation First Social Revolution: Domestication of plants and animals Cause of Modernization: the Industrial Revolution Gemeinschaft: small, rural, and slow-changing societies (small towns). Gesellschaft: large, urbanized, fast-changing societies (cities). Industrial Society: a society based on the harnessing of machines powered by fuel. Post-Modern Society: society based on the use of tools that extend human abilities to gather and analyze information, to communicate, and to travel. Cultural Lag Theory: theory that states human behavior lags behind technological innovations.
