Islamic Architecture and Culture: Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Anthropology of religion

Download Islamic Architecture and Culture: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Anthropology of religion in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Mosque DEFINITION 1 "Masjid" in Arabic -"Place of Prostration" - Mosque is not exactly necessary, aspect to further faith Simple design (Inside) -empty inside -no pictures > distracting from worship Ornate outside -Minaret outside TERM 2 Minaret DEFINITION 2 Tower next to the Mosque - where a muezzin goes to call Muslims to prayer TERM 3 Muezzin DEFINITION 3 A muezzin (Turkish mezzin from Arabic: mu-ain) is a chosen person at the mosque who leads the call to prayer -Friday service and the five daily prayers (salat) from one of the mosque's minarets -in most modern mosques, electronic amplification aids the muezzins TERM 4 Imam DEFINITION 4 "prayer leader" -can only be male Leader of the Mosque/ Muslim community TERM 5 Mullah DEFINITION 5 Scholars of Islam -Theory and Law -Shi'ites especially TERM 6 Mufti DEFINITION 6 Interpreter of Sharia (Islamic Law) -Sunni especially TERM 7 Madrassah DEFINITION 7 Muslim Schools - Curriculum: Qur'an, Theology, and Law TERM 8 Nabi vs. Rasul DEFINITION 8 Nabi is a general prophet -one to whom Allah has spoken Rasul is much more highly revered -they are supposed to deliver a specific message TERM 9 Sunni vs. Shi'ite DEFINITION 9 Split over the decision for new Caliph after Muhammad Sunni:"tradition" "concensus" -Leader chosen by concensus of the Ummah (Muslim Community) Shi'ite: "partisan" -leader related to Muhammad (True Imam) -More authoritatiran TERM 10 Madhi DEFINITION 10 Heir of Husayn -Will come before the Day of Judgement - Will be joined by Issah (Jesus) TERM 21 Sufis DEFINITION 21 Mystics of Islam. Suffi comes from Arabic word "suf" meaning wool, which is what the prophets wore, and the poor; focus more on spirit than physical. TERM 22 Dhikr DEFINITION 22 "Remembrance". State of altered consciousness focused on Allah acheived through repeated chanting, physical movements, and breathing. TERM 23 Fana DEFINITION 23 "annhiliation"; aspect of Suffi Islam which strives to remove the ego, resulting in the Suffi to Allah as a moth to a flame (analogy). TERM 24 Rumi DEFINITION 24 Poet and musician who lived from 1207-1273 CE. He founded a branch of Suffism known as the "Whirling Dervishes" TERM 25 "Whirling Dervishes" DEFINITION 25 sect of Suffi Islam founded by Rumi. Their practices involve whirling and dances. They will often spin around a leader in a cicrle to represent the planets and the sun. They beleive the path to Allah is through love and beauty. They are known to recite the 99 beautiful names of Allah as a practice. TERM 26 5 Pillars DEFINITION 26 1. Shahadah: declaration of faith 2. Salaht: prayer 3. Zakaht: charity (prayer tax) 4. Sawm: fasting (during Ramadan) 5. Hajj: pilgrimage to mecca ** Notes for more in-depth** TERM 27 Irhab DEFINITION 27 *** DID NOT FIND IN NOTES *** Unholy War TERM 28 Fatwa DEFINITION 28 *** DID NOT FIND IN NOTES *** A religious opinion concerning Islamic Law (Shariah) from an Islamic Scholar TERM 29 Eid-al-Adha DEFINITION 29 *** DID NOT FIND IN NOTES *** "Festival of Sacrifice" to celebrate Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son for Allah TERM 30 Caliphs DEFINITION 30 *** DID NOT FIND IN NOTES *** head of the Ummah (Muslim Community) TERM 31 Wahhabis DEFINITION 31 *** DID NOT FIND IN NOTES *** ultra conservative branch of Islam; very strict, follows tradition and opposes innovation