Final Study Guide on World Religions | RLST 110, Study notes of World Religions

Download Final Study Guide on World Religions | RLST 110 and more Study notes World Religions in PDF only on Docsity! RLST 110 / PHIL 110 - World Religions Fall 2013 Final Exam Review Sheet The final exam consists of forty (40) multiple-choice questions. Each question is worth ½ a point. Below is a list of terms that you should know for the final exam. This list is NOT intended to be comprehensive and it is possible topics not included here will be on the exam. If you have any questions, please contact your TA. The Exam Will Be December 20th @ 7p in Lincoln Lecture Hall Bring a PENCIL and your I-Card Judaism Christianity Islam TaNaKH (Hebrew Bible)  Library of books  1,000 years ago in Land of Isreal  Three sections 1. Torah- 5 books of Moses 2. Prophets 3. Sacred Writings First/Second Temple(Prophets 2)  586 BCE “Hurban” (“Destruction”)  70 CE  70 Years Later – Persian King (Cyrus) Allows Second Temple to be Rebuilt  Sole Remaining Authority Figure = Priests  Rabbinic Judaism emerges after destruction Oral Law (Oral Torah)  Given to Moses on Sinai Covenant (BRIT)  Symbol: Circumcision  Eternal bond between God and Followers Mishnah  1st Post biblical sacred text  earlier stage of Talmud Talmud (Second Torah) Midrash  Commentaries to Hebrew bible 2nd Temple Jewish Sects????  Pharisees  Sadducees Rabbinic Judaism  NO kings,prophets, priests..Now Rabbis  God Wrote Torah  Prayer 3 times a day  Reward/Punishment-next Old Testament  Similar to, but NOT the same as, the Jewish Bible (TaNaKH)  How it Differs : Contains books or parts of books not recognized in the Jewish canon “Apocrypha” Books are ordered in a different sequence New Testament  Traditions concerning the earliest Christian communities from about 30 C.E. to 100 C.E. Two largest parts:  Four canonical Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John)  Fourteen “epistles [letters]” attributed to Paul New Testament Chronology  ca. 4 BCE – 30 CE: Life of Jesus o ca. 50 CE – 60 CE: Letters of Paul o ca. 68 CE – 70 CE: Gospel of Mark  70 CE: Destruction of Second Temple Septuagint(Greek)/Vulgate(Latin)  Used to translate Jewish texts Messiah(Anointed One)  Anointing: ritual that sets apart and equips an individual for a task. Christ  view of Christ in each of the three branches  Orthodoxy: Christ is both fully human and fully divine  Catholicism: Christ came into the world to save sinners (Christ as Mediator more than Model)  Protestantism: seen as prophet who proclaims God’s will for justice and compassion Myth???? Gospel  Dates Written / Order Allah o God/Deity Islam Five Pillars (in Arabic) 1. Confession of Faith 2. Ritual Prayer 3. Alms 4. Fasting during Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca Five Articles of Faith (major teachings) 1. God 2. Angles (sinless) 3. Human Beings (weak) 4. Prophets (bring guidance) 5. Books/Heavanly Scriptures  Human Beings (weak,ungreatful,God’s deputies, Satan is enemy) Qur’an o Gabriel/ Jibril revealed the Qur’an to the prophet Muhammad in segments Hijra????? Muhammad o Messenger of God Ka’ba o Most sacred place o Face during prayers Sunna o custom Hadith • record of Sunna • expands on the Qur’an • important source of law Caliphate RLST 110 / PHIL 110 - World Religions Fall 2013 Final Exam Review Sheet life Kosher (Diet)  No meat w/ milk Moses  Leads Israelite Exodus(Passover)  Given 10 Commandants by God Moses Maimonides  Guide to Perplexed  13 articles of Jewish Belief Moses Mendelssohn  Rejects Dogmas of Maimonides  Judaism religion, not a nation Kabbalah  God becomes a “System”  Discontent with Torah being read straightforward Reform  “Ethical Monotheism” – Reject Ritual/Nationalism – sharp break from Rabbinic Judaism Orthodox  NO Changes Conservative  Only Denomination that Supported Zionism from Inception. Hasidism  Rejection of “Outside World”  Emotion (Prayer) Over Intellect (Torah Study)  Popular Movement  Everyone Can Experience Union with God: “Devekut”  God as “Personality” Returns Mitzvah  613 commandments given in the Torah from God(at Mount Sinai Sabbath  God Rests on 7th Day  Synoptic Four canonical Gospels Fourteen “epistles [letters]” attributed to Paul  Four Canonical Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) Gospel of Mark  Apocalyptic o Belief in the imminent end of this world and establishment of the perfect world through God’s intervention. Sin (in each of the three branches)  Orthodoxy  Root Sin: Attachment to the material world, the “illusion of the present life.”  Result: A “deception” of the mind.  Catholicism  Sin as Persistent Problem  Sin not only voluntary acts of transgression  Augustine and Doctrine of “Original Sin”  Protestantism  Aim of religion is to obtain forgiveness of sins Orthodoxy  Oldest, most continuous of Christian branches Theosis  “deification” or “assimilation to God” Icon??? Catholicism  Derived from Latin-speaking church of the Western Roman Empire Justification  Being made right Atonement  paying a debt rather than transforming the self. Sacraments(outward sign of inward grace)  Eucharist(Body of Christ) o Central Sacrament for Catholics  Baptism o deputy, successor “Four Rightly Guided” Caliphs  Abu Bakr (632-634): consolidation of Islamic rule in Arabian peninsula  ‘Umar (634-644): conquest of Syria, Iraq, Egypt, defeat of Persian army  ‘Uthman (644-656): continued conquest northward and eastward  ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (656-661) Imam o Leader o Must be pious and righteous Sects of Islam Defining a Muslim  Sunnis: all believers  Shi‘a: follow the correct Imam  Khawarij/Ibadis: belief and action Who should Lead? • Sunnis: from Quraysh • Shi‘a: from the Prophet’s family • Khawarij/Ibadis: the most pious and righteous Who chooses leader? • Sunnis: a group of leading men • Shi‘a: God • Khawarij/Ibadis: leading scholars (ulama) Leaders Role • Sunnis: defends land, applies law • Shi‘a: the guide to salvation • Ibadis: implements law in consultation with the ulama Can followers Rebel?