Download Soil Science: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Geography in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Soil Profile DEFINITION 1 minerals TERM 2 Soil Horizon DEFINITION 2 a distinct layer of soil within the soil profile TERM 3 soil properties DEFINITION 3 color, structure, texture, consistence, porosity, and moisture TERM 4 Components of Soil DEFINITION 4 minerals, organic matter, water, and air TERM 5 minerals DEFINITION 5 elements or compounds within a crystalline structure, the building- blocks of rocks; found in all soils TERM 6 Organic Matter DEFINITION 6 that part originally from living matter; decaying matter of plants, animals, and their waste products. TERM 7 Factors involved in Soil Formation DEFINITION 7 Parent material, climate, biological agents, topography, time TERM 8 Parent Material DEFINITION 8 the type of rock and minerals the soil was formed from TERM 9 residual soil DEFINITION 9 made from the underlying rock TERM 10 transported soil DEFINITION 10 made from material not found in underlying rock TERM 21 "R" Soil Horizon DEFINITION 21 where solid rock (bedrock) is first affected by weather; a mixture of large pieces of rock and future soil TERM 22 Solum DEFINITION 22 the "A" "E" and "B" horizons; those layers in which plant roots are the most active TERM 23 Pedon DEFINITION 23 column of soil, extending from the "O" to the "C" Horizon TERM 24 Sand DEFINITION 24 2-.05 mm TERM 25 Silt DEFINITION 25 .05-.002mm TERM 26 Clay DEFINITION 26 <.002mm TERM 27 Loam DEFINITION 27 a term used to describe a soil, similar to a clay or sand, but based on the percent of sand, silt and clay and NOT on particle size TERM 28 Field Capacity DEFINITION 28 ability of a soil to hold water against the downward pull of gravitysand has a low field capacityclay has a high field capacity TERM 29 4 basic soil structures DEFINITION 29 platy, prismatic, block/angular, spheroidal/granular TERM 30 prismatic soil structure DEFINITION 30 peds arranged in columns TERM 31 spheroidal or granular soil structure DEFINITION 31 small, rounded shared peds TERM 32 entisols DEFINITION 32 soils of recent origin- just beginning development- only "A" horizon TERM 33 inceptisols DEFINITION 33 show the beginnings of a weakly developed "B" horizon TERM 34 Vertisols DEFINITION 34 clay-rich soils which swell or shrink with moisture TERM 35 andisols DEFINITION 35 develop from volcanic ash
