first certificate exam, Summaries of Economics

Download first certificate exam and more Summaries Economics in PDF only on Docsity! tale Use of English PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Listening PAPER 4 Speaking PAPER 1 Reading and » For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which word (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Example: 0 A doubt B reason C purpose D_maotive oa ef D. ¢ a A powerful influence There can be no (0) ........ at all that the internet has made a huge difference to our lives. However, there is some concern over whether people spend too much time browsing the internet or playing computer games, (1) ........ ever doing anything else in their spare time. Are these activities genuinely (2) ....... to our well-being? Does spending too much time chatting on social networking sites really (3) ........ our ability to form meaningful relationships in real life? Quite the reverse, (4) ........ to some social media experts, who suggest that using websites to keep in touch with friends may (5) . . help to enhance personal relationships and provide people with an increased (6) ........ of belonging. There may be room for argument in (7) . of limiting time spent online, especially when it may break into study or work time. Research, however, also indicates that spending a healthy amount of time in front of a computer doesn’t necessarily (8). with academic performance. 1 A nearly B literally Cc almost D hardly 2 A harming B harmful © hurting D hurtful 3. A affect B bother © effect D concern 4 A agreeing B corresponding Cc owing D according 5 A completely B probably ¢ actually D rightly 6 A function B sense C attitude D meaning 7 =A favour B help € choice D opinion 8 A trouble B interrupt C oppose D interfere 84 Cambridge English: First Test 5 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English }> Part 1  OY relat laa clo LBS Le Use of English Elna For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Example:[ 0 |WIKIOL TTT TTT TTT TIT 1 Driving blind The idea that a blind person couid drive a car sounds crazy. And the concept of someone (0) ........ can’t see driving a car at almost 150 miles per hour sounds even crazier. Miranda Naylor, (9) ........ blind accountant from the UK, has done exactly that in an attempt (10) ........ raise money for charity. Mrs Naylor drove a sports car for two miles along the runway of a disused airfield. She was (11) ........ radio contact with her husband, who gave her directions and advice. Her achievement (12) ........ expected to raise about £50,000, which will be donated to a company that trains dogs for (13) ........ blind. Mrs Naylor (14) been blind since she was six, and still has some visual memories of the world around her. She admits that (15) ... life awkward {16} .. having sight makes . times, but she says, ‘Achieving something can be a great source of self-confidence.’ Miranda is now looking for a new challenge and wants to try motorbiking. Cambridge English: First Test 5 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English b> Part2 85 PAPER 1 Reading and » fine 29 88 US Rona ale} You are going to read an article about photography. For questions 31-36, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Photo research Photographer Jim Richardson tells us how he aims to get the most from photo shoots. ‘If you want to be a better photographer, stand in front of better stuff.’ That’s a simple mantra and I repeat it over and over to myself. | share it with other photographers and | endeavour to follow my own advice. As a result, | spend a great deal of time doing photo research, looking for great locations to shoot. Put simply, I'm a better photographer when I’m standing in front of something wonderful like the Grand Canyon in Arizona, USA. Seeing wonderful places is bread-and-butter photography - it’s just part of the job. But getting there is only half of any great photograph’s story. The other half is how the photographer prepares to capture the subject once in front of it. Example: today my mind is absorbed in the long climb up Skellig Michael, a remote island isolated in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Ireland, where Celtic monks found their solace in spiritual isolation 1,400 years ago. | have never been on Skellig Michael, though | have come close four times. Each time | was held back by high seas. In my head | am getting ready to be among the little huts in the monastery at the summit, in the mindset of those who sought their spirituality in the vast Atlantic all those years ago. In four days I'll be setting sail on a cruise of the British and Irish Isles, and I'll have a chance once again to ascend the slopes of Skellig Michael. 1 want to be ready to seize the day. For me, groundwork is part of photography, as essential as knowing exposure and lighting or recognising the decisive moment to take the shot. Research sounds like a boring task to many photographers, but for others, digging into a subject in advance is part of the pleasure. I’m one of those photographers. Philosophically, photographers seem to divide along that line. On one side are those who desire only to be in the moment. On the other side are the planners. These folks would never dream of going out the door without a full list of how they're going to approach the shoot. (Actually, there is a third group nowadays. They just capture the whole scene and do all the creative work in Photoshop after the event.) Fortunately, it doesn't have to be an either/or decision. Most photographers | know do both: research extensively to prepare their schedule (and their minds) and then act in the moment once on site. | do extensive research in order to get ready for a photographic trip. This includes creating a file for each location I’m due to visit. For my upcoming cruise | already know where we are going day by day. So | start a file for each place and begin to compile information. Knowing what the place looks like in advance is invaluable, so I'll hit several internet photo sites. Besides clueing me in to the photographic possibilities of the location, this can also show me what angles have already become overused and which | should therefore avoid. But I’ll also find angles | didn’t expect from locations | hadn't imagined. Armed with these I'll be better prepared to push the boundaries of what people expect. Above all, I'll look for places and events that are seasonal and timeless. | open my mind to what might make a great subject for a picture. Most travellers tend to think only of places they're visiting, without looking deeper into culture, history or meaning. | try to get in time with the rhythm of the place and in tune with its melody. But most of all I just want to be ready. If I'm ready, ! can just about count on being lucky. Cambridge English: First Test 5 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >> Part 5 31 What is Jim trying to do in the first paragraph? convince the reader that his method of working is appropriate explain his approach towards taking good photographs remind himself that he should listen to the ideas of others clarify what makes a location good to photograph von PY 32 Why does Jim provide an example in the second paragraph? to explain why he hasn't managed to visit Skellig Michael! before to describe what he imagines the next place he will visit to be like to offer details of what he has discovered about Skellig Michael to show how he prepares herself mentally before going to a new place GoOmopPr 33 How does Jim feel about the cruise he will go on? excited about an opportunity he didn’t think he would get uncertain whether he will know when to take the best photo confident he will produce better work than other photographers uninterested in certain aspects of preparing for travel vou, 34 What point does Jim make about photographers in the fourth paragraph? They are unable to decide on the best plan of action. It is possible for them to adopt flexible ways of working. Some of them refuse to try to understand the way others work. The third group are not as imaginative as some of the others. DOD, 35 What does ‘this’ refer to In line 297 having a daily plan of travel knowing which angles to avoid looking at photo websites compiling location files ovDoOmP, 36 What does Jim suggest in the final paragraph? He is careful about choosing the right place to visit. Many people who travel don’t understand what they see. He likes to go to places that few people bother to visit. Some travellers don’t spend enough time ina place. oaUDYr Cambridge English: First Test 5 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >> pants 89  LN] aster ee La Use of English PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Listening PAPER 4 Speaking You are going to read a newspaper article about orangutans. Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap {37-42}. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Almost human Orangutans and chimpanzees are capable of performing intellectual feats we once thought to be uniquely human. Using language, being self-aware, learning by imitation and problem-solving are high- level abilities that are not limited to humans. Research has shown that orangutans and other great apes, like chimpanzees and gorillas, share these abilities too. There are several projects studying the use of language by these creatures. Understanding their mechanisms of developing language will help us evaluate our own linguistic abilities. One of the orangutans involved in a project in Virginia, USA, has learnt how ta use over 100 words in sign language, the language used by the deaf to communicate with each other. Another orangutan, Hannah, has learnt 13 symbols that represent different nouns and verbs. Hannah can combine the symbols into simple commands like ‘open bag’. Not really. One of the fundamental elements of human thought is the ability to recognise numbers and express ideas with them within meaningful! strings of words. Hannah can recognise numbers from one to three with reasonable accuracy. A fundamental difference between humans and orangutans is their ability to comprehend abstract ideas. Abstract concepts are basic to human thinking, while there’s little evidence that orangutans can understand abstract ideas at all. One of the most interesting experiments in the Virginia project concerns memory. Orangutans, on the other hand, appear to do so according to where they saw them last. This seems a less efficient way of storing information, so it may well be that orangutans have a limited capacity for memory in comparison to humans. They feel extremely frustrated when they make an error and they never rush into a task because they don’t want to be wrong. Orangutans have idiosyncracies and differences in character. Some are slow learners, while others are more impulsive. Unfortunately, most of the research on great ape intelligence has been done with animals in captivity. Studies of orangutans, however, that suffered captivity but were then freed showed that they are capable of learning by imitation. Imitating someone yawn or scratch his head is not a great intellectual accomplishment, but learning a new behaviour just by watching is a very advanced ability. Orangutans could chop firewood or wash dishes without being taught. The only way they could have done it was by watching humans. Compared to orangutans, chimpanzees are genetically closer to human beings and they are thought to be more intelligent. There are differences in the way the minds of chimps and orangutans work, [42] |The chimps seem to work fast, almost intuitively, while orangutans are slower and more methodical. One feature of both chimps and orangutans is the ability to recognise themselves in a mirror. This seems to suggest that they both have a concept of ‘self’ - they know who they are and think of themselves in a particular way. Chimpanzees are manipulative and capable of deception. They are very good problem-solvers, clearly capable of complex cognitive performance, which makes them almost human. 90 Cambridge English: First Test 5 }> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English }> Part 6 Running for fun A Peter Chamberlain | was always keen on sports. Running a long distance is a bit like life too. You start with a sense of anticipation, you go through some great highs and terrible lows, but in the end it seems to be worth it. There is nothing that | enjoy more than a good workout at the gym or a good one-hour run across the local wildlife reserve. Fortunately, where | live, | can reach the open countryside in just a couple of minutes on foot from my front- door step. In my case, participation in the London Marathon was not about winning, it was about doing the best you possibly can. My first marathon was a disaster. Everything was going fine until the twelfth mile when | started to feel a bit of fatigue kicking in and hit the wall between the fourteenth and fifteenth miles. B Rosalind Masterson | surprised myself by doing so well, to tell you the truth. It all started when a friend of mine was training for the marathon and asked me to join her a few mornings a week. | didn’t think | was very fit when | started, although years ago I'd go cycling three times a week and jogging at weekends. | found the experience enjoyable but realised | preferred jogging on my own. Success depends a lot on your mood. Last year, for example, | was feeling very stressed for one reason or another, and | got tired much more quickly; | didn’t even get to the end of the course! This year's been completely different. London was such a success that I’ve entered for the Berlin Marathon next month, along with three friends. My husband thinks I'm mad, though when we watched the news that night and he could see my face among the crowds, he was fairly impressed. C Ruth Watson Long-distance running is not about how fast you can run, it’s about how much pain you can take. Long-distance running is a good discipline for life itself. | run with my head and my heart, because physically | don’t think I’ve got a great deal of talent or ability. | was always a very energetic sports person and | have entered the marathon five times so far. Last year | managed to complete a half marathon in 90 minutes, which was quite an accomplishment for someone who did not train systematically. One thing that annoyed me in my last marathon was the attitude of people watching. They took more interest in the fun-runners and celebrities than in the battle of the elite runners chasing qualification times for the Olympic Games. D John Saddler An old friend of mine has been a member of a jogging club for years, and he finally persuaded me to go along with him one Saturday to see if | would enjoy it. Well, | felt fairly good afterwards, so | joined the club and started thinking seriously about running. | thought that entering for the marathon would give me a unique opportunity to raise some cash for the Red Cross. In fact, four of us from the office decided to do the same thing, and between us we raised over £25,000, which was great! Running wasn’t as hard as | expected. Training can be difficult, especially when it means | have to drag myself out of bed on cold winter mornings and go jogging in the pouring rain. | never train with friends because | find it impossible to concentrate on what I’m doing. Cambridge English: First Test 5 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English b> Part 7 93 Test |=) _Exam Essentials PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English You must answer this question. Write your answer in 140-190 words in an appropriate style. PAPER 3 Listening . 1 You have been discussing families in your English class. Now, your teacher has PAPER 4 Speaking asked you to write an essay for homework. Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view. Srey ee TT HO edd Growing up in a large family is better than being brought up in asmall one. Do you agree? Notes Write about: 1. attention from parents 2. relationships with brothers and sisters 3. ... (your own idea) 94 cambridge English: First Test 5 >> PAPER 2 Writing b> Part 1  PAPER 1 Reading and use of English Write an answer to one of the questions 2-5 in this part. Write your answer in Pa Pe 140-190 words in an appropriate style, PAPER 3 Listening me 2 You see this announcement in an English-language music magazine. PAPER 4 Speaking Do you enjoy listening to traditional music? Do you think traditional music from your country is old-fashioned, or should it continue to be promoted in the modern world? If so, how is it possible to get more people interested in traditional music? We'd lave to receive your articles. The best one will be published next month! Write your article. 3 This is part of an email you have received from your English-speaking friend, Kim. | heard you've moved from the city to a small country village. Can you tell me about it? What are the differences between living in each of the places? How do you feel about the change in lifestyle? I can’t wait to hear from you! Kim Write your email. 4 You recently saw this notice in an English-language magazine called TV News: Send us your review of the best or worst TV programme you have seen this year. Include information on what the programme was about and say what made the programme so good/bad. Do you think another programme should be made on the same theme? We wiil publish the best reviews in a special summer supplement. Write your review. 5 (for FIRST FOR SCHOOLS candidates only) Answer the following question based on your reading of one of the set books. Your friend has asked you to recommend something to read on holiday. Write a letter to your friend about the book you have read, giving reasons why this particular book would be suitable for him/her. Cambridge English: First Test 5)» PAPER 2 Writing >> Part 2 95  “PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English Qa Track 19 PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 4 Speaking 98 PAPER 3 Listening You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about how they got their current jobs. For questions 19-23, choose from the fist (A-H) what each speaker says. Use the letters only once. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use. A I'd done some unpaid work experience at the company. B_ | saw an advertisement on a careers website. Speaker 1 ¢_ | had a contact who worked at the company. Speaker 2 D_ | heard about it from a friend. E | was lucky with a phone call. F | approached the boss face to face. Speaker 5 G_ | was promoted from a previous position. H_ 1 found out about the company through social media. Cambridge English: First Test 5 >> PAPER 3 Listening >> Part 3 :  PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English Q Track 20 PAPER 2 Writing You will hear a radio interview with a doctor called Ann Winters, who is an expert on [ef] ee TKN) memory. For questions 24-30, choose the best answer {A, B or C). PAPER 4 Speaking 24 Ann compares the human memory to a hard drive because A both can be negatively affected by external factors. B both can be trained to expand and improve. C both can store an unlimited number of images. 25 We are told that people suffering from Alzheimer's disease A don’t understand the mechanism of life. B_ can’t remember who they are. C forget how to perform simple tasks. 26 Research has shown that people who have mentally active jobs A will never develop Alzheimer’s disease. Bare more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease. C are less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease. 27 Apparently, our memories are harmed by A doing too many physical exercises. B_ devices designed to help us remember things. C forcing ourselves to try to remember too much. 28 Ann says we can remember things if we A connect them with a physical object. B look at them very carefully first. € encourage people to remind us about them. 29 The technique Ann describes works best for people A who like pictures. B_ who are used to abstract thought. € who can visualise ideas well. 30 Doing crosswords is an example of activities that A can prevent ageing. B can extend life expectancy. € can delay memory decline. Cambridge English: First Test 5 }> PAPER 3 Listening >> Part 4 99  PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >> PART 1 1D 2B 3A 4D 5C 6B 7A 8D >> PART 2 Sa to Win 12is 13the 14has 15not 16at >> PART 3 17 arrival (verb to noun} 18 beginning {verb to noun) 19 global (noun to adjective) 20 difficulties (adjective to noun, plural form) 21 sharply (adjective to adverb) 22 hunger {adjective to noun) 23 impossible (adjective to negative adjective) 24 observation (verb to noun) >> PART 4 25 never allows us Ito 26 did not / didn’t get home J until 27 so that | he would 28 advised me I not to go 28 should not / shouldn't have I left 30 only guest who I did not / didn’t >* PART 5 31 B: ‘Put simply, I'm a better photographer when I'm standing in front of something wonderful like the Grand Canyon in Arizona, USA." 32 D: ‘Example: today my mind is absorbed...’ and ‘In my head | am getting ready...’, 33 A: ‘I'll have a chance once again'to ascend the slopes of Skellig Michael. | want to be ready to seize the day.’ 34 B: ‘Fortunately, it doesn’t have to be an either/or decision.’ 35 C: ‘Knowing what the place looks like in advance is invaluable, so I'tl hit several internet photo sites. Besides clueing me in to the photographic possibilities of the location, this...’ 36 A: The gist of the whole paragraph gives us the answer. Jim takes care to look for interesting places, and takes its background into account. He also does plenty of preparation before he travels. >» PART 6 37 C: ‘Not really’ answers the question at the end of the previous paragraph. 38 F: ‘them’ refers to ‘numbers from one to three’ in the Previous sentence. 39 E: Contrastive link between ‘Humans remember things groups or categories’ and ‘Orangutans, on the other hand, appear to do so according to where they saw them last’. 40 A: Link between ‘Orangutans can become very emotional’ and ‘They feel extremely frustrated’ in the next sentence. 41 B: Link between ‘animals in captivity’ and ‘we cannot study ... in their natural environment’. 42 G: Link between ‘There are differences ... work’ and ‘This becomes apparent ... the same task to do’. >> PART 7 43 C: ‘One thing that annoyed me ... was the attitude of people watching.’ 44 B: ‘asked me to join her a few mornings a week.’ 45 B: ‘I didn’t even get to the end of the course.’ 46 A: ‘when | started to feel a bit of fatigue kicking in and hit the wall.’ 47 D: ‘four of us from the office.’ 48 C: ‘physically | don’t think I've got a great deal of talent or ability.’ 49 D: ’so | joined the [jogging] club.” 50 D: ‘drag myself out of bed on cold winter mornings ... in the pouring rain.” 51 B: ‘we watched the news ... he could see my face." 52 A: ‘I can reach the open countryside in just a couple of minutes on foot from my front-door step.’ PAPER 3 Listening >> PART 1 1B 2A 3C 4B 5C 6A 7C€ BA b> PART 2 9 July 14 fairground 10 12 / twelve 15 7 / seven 11 railway / train station 16 Classic 12 underground 17 flowers. 13 nurseries 18 ecology br PART 3 19C 20G 21E 22D 23F >* PART 4 244 25C 26C 27B 28A 29C 30C