US Constitutional Law: Key Concepts and Amendments, Exams of Law

Download US Constitutional Law: Key Concepts and Amendments and more Exams Law in PDF only on Docsity! Florida Civic Literacy Exam (FCLE) 2024 New Latest Version with All Questions from Actual Past Exam and 100% Correct Answers Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the Equal Protection Clause? --------- Correct Answer --------- Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Who has the power to veto bills? --------- Correct Answer --------- the President What is the minimum number of members of the U.S. House of Representatives representing each state? --------- Correct Answer --------- one Which court case expanded powers to prohibit gerrymandering? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Gill vs. Whitford What is gerrymandering? ---------- Correct Answer --------- manipulation of boundaries (in electoral constituency) to favor one party or class. What does the 25th amendment establish? ---------- Correct Answer --------- That the president gets to choose their VP if the seat falls open — if VP dies or president dies and VP becomes president What does the 26th amendment do? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 What did the 27th amendment do? ---------- Correct Answer --------- prevented members of congress from giving themselves pay raises during their current term How many amendments does the Constitution have? ---------- Correct Answer --------- 27 How many House of Representatives members are there? ---------- Correct Answer ------ --- 435 members How long do the House of Representatives serve? ---------- Correct Answer --------- 2 year terms How many members are in the US Senate? ---------- Correct Answer --------- 100 members How long do US senators serve? ---------- Correct Answer --------- 6 year terms What are the requirements to be a HOR member? ---------- Correct Answer --------- 25 years of age, be a US citizen for at least 7 years, and must live in the state/district they represent What are the requirements to be a US senator? ---------- Correct Answer --------- 30 years of age, be a US citizen for at least 9 years, and live in the state you represent The US public debt currently exceeds how much? ---------- Correct Answer --------- roughly 30 trillion dollars Who must confirm all presidential appointments? ---------- Correct Answer --------- the senate must approve all major appointments made by the president Who confirms all treaties made by the president? ---------- Correct Answer --------- the senate must confirm all treaties made by the president with a 2/3 vote Which branch of government can declare war? ---------- Correct Answer --------- The legislative branch is able to declare war and raise an army + funding What are the requirements to run for presidency? ---------- Correct Answer --------- 35 years of age, must be a natural born citizen, and must have lived in the United States for at least 14+ years. How long does is one presidential term? ---------- Correct Answer --------- 4 years per term How many votes are needed to win the Presidency? ---------- Correct Answer --------- 270 of the 538 electoral votes What is the power of the Supreme Court to decide on the constitutionality of government acts called? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Judicial Review What is a purpose of civil rights movements? --------- Correct Answer --------- to secure equalities What is the social contract? --------- Correct Answer --------- The people give up some liberty to receive governmental protection. Why does Article I, Section 7 of the U.S. Constitution require that tax bills be introduced in the House of Representatives? --------- Correct Answer --------- because the original English colonists were taxed without their consent Which is a shared power in the federal system? --------- Correct Answer --------- collecting taxes Which part of the U.S. Constitution protects the freedom of religion? --------- Correct Answer --------- the Bill of Rights Which United States Supreme Court decision resulted in reduced power for state governments? --------- Correct Answer --------- Roe v. Wade (1973) Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the Free Exercise Clause? --------- Correct Answer --------- West Virginia v. Barnette (1943) What is the purpose of the Selective Service System? --------- Correct Answer --------- to draft for compulsory military service Which of the following is a right reserved for U.S. citizens only? --------- Correct Answer - -------- running for federal office Which of the following represents the goal of the Supremacy Clause? --------- Correct Answer --------- States may not pass laws that conflict with federal laws. What is an example of federalism? --------- Correct Answer --------- the principle that the national and state governments share power What is the first phrase of the U.S. Constitution? --------- Correct Answer --------- "We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union" What is one chamber of the U.S. Congress? --------- Correct Answer --------- Senate How did the holding in the United States Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona (1966) impact criminal defendants? --------- Correct Answer --------- It established that defendants were protected against self-incrimination. How did District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) impact states' rights? --------- Correct Answer --------- It reduced the ability of states to place restrictions on Second Amendment rights. Which of the following cases reinforced the power of the courts? --------- Correct Answer --------- Marbury v. Madison (1803) What are the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution called? --------- Correct Answer --------- the Bill of Rights Which of the following was established by a constitutional amendment? --------- Correct Answer --------- The President may serve no more than two elected terms. How did the holding in the United States Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) impact criminal defendants? --------- Correct Answer --------- It established that defendants had the right to counsel. What is the length of a U.S. Senator's elected term? --------- Correct Answer --------- six years Which United States Supreme Court case is correctly paired with the constitutional amendment on which it focused? --------- Correct Answer --------- Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) - First Amendment Which of the following cases impacted Fourth Amendment protections at the state level? --------- Correct Answer --------- Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the Necessary and Proper Clause? --------- Correct Answer --------- McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Based on the U.S. Constitution, which part of government was intended to hold the least power? --------- Correct Answer --------- the judiciary Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the First Amendment? ------ --- Correct Answer --------- Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) What is one responsibility of only U.S. citizens? --------- Correct Answer --------- serving on a jury Which of the following cases held that reproductive rights were an element of the right to privacy under the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment? --------- Correct Answer --------- Roe v. Wade (1973) The colonists used a political cartoon with the caption "Join or Die" to support which action? --------- Correct Answer --------- forming their own government Which United States Supreme Court case held that persons accused of crimes must be advised of their Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights upon their arrest? --------- Correct Answer --------- Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Which of the following cases reinforced the federal government's authority to run a federal institution without interference by a state? --------- Correct Answer --------- McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) What is one qualification to serve as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives? - -------- Correct Answer --------- be at least 25 years old Which of the following documents provided an outline for a state-centered government? --------- Correct Answer --------- Articles of Confederation Which phrase is included in the Declaration of Independence? --------- Correct Answer -- ------- "all men are created equal" Which United States Supreme Court holding impacted the way that religious practice was approached in public schools? --------- Correct Answer --------- Engel v. Vitale (1962) Which of the following correctly pairs a document with a core theme of that document? a) Declaration of Independence - Formed a state-centered government b) Magna Carta - Established the principle of rule of law c) U.S. Constitution - Formed a unitary government d) Articles of Confederation - Established the principle of consent of the governed -------- - Correct Answer --------- b What is an example of representation? --------- Correct Answer --------- The U.S. Congress passes a law. Who does a U.S. Senator represent? --------- Correct Answer --------- the residents of a single state Which of the following documents provided a rationale for the Declaration of Independence? --------- Correct Answer --------- Common Sense What are two natural rights identified in the Declaration of Independence? --------- Correct Answer --------- life and liberty How many U.S. Senators represent each state? --------- Correct Answer --------- two What is the length of a U.S. President's elected term? --------- Correct Answer --------- four years What is one branch of the U.S. federal government? --------- Correct Answer --------- legislative What does the U.S. Constitution do? --------- Correct Answer --------- It sets up a federal government. Which phrase from a letter written by Abigail Adams to her husband John Adams in 1776 is reflected in the Nineteenth Amendment? --------- Correct Answer --------- "I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them" Which phrase from a letter written by President Thomas Jefferson in 1802 reflects a freedom in the Bill of Rights? --------- Correct Answer --------- "building a wall of separation between Church & State" Which of the following is an important distinction between network and cable news stations? --------- Correct Answer --------- Cable news gives consumers access to a less glitzy and more unfiltered source of news. Why did southern states support the Three-Fifths Compromise? --------- Correct Answer --------- Wanted more representation in the House Until the Supreme Court weighs in on how pandemic conditions should be addressed in prison, advocates for the better treatment of prisoners are likely to --------- Correct Answer --------- pursue remedies in state and federal courts According to Judge John F. Dillon, all local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by which of the following? --------- Correct Answer --------- State governments 1. Which of the following ancient civilizations established a republican form of government? Roman Egyptian Greek Persian --------- Correct Answer --------- Roman During the 6th century B.C.E., the ancient Athenians divided the powers of their government between two assemblies and guaranteed certain political rights to all male citizens. How do these political reforms best illustrate how societies develop? --------- Correct Answer --------- by limiting government authority A certain country is characterized by the following traits: power achieved through inheritance same ruling family for over a century finite freedoms and rights hierarchical social status single established state religion The establishment and maintenance of these traits is based on which of the following principles? --------- Correct Answer --------- divine right of kings Which modern democratic concept practiced in the United States is most like the democratic process of ancient Greece? --------- Correct Answer --------- The referendum What is the principal function of a written constitution? --------- Correct Answer --------- outlining the structure and powers of a government Which of the following objectives best describes the purpose of the system of checks and balances, as defined in the U.S. Constitution? --------- Correct Answer --------- keeping any one of the three branches of government from becoming too powerful Which modern process would be supported by the ancient Greeks? --------- Correct Answer --------- electing governors Laws against defamation, including libel and slander, property damage and breach of contract represent which legal concern underlying most Western nations? --------- Correct Answer --------- civil law Use the passage below, from an exchange between former president Nixon and a television interviewer, to answer the question that follows. 'Well, when the president does it, that means that it is not illegal"--Richard M. Nixon Which constitutional principle does the statement from President Nixon contradict? ------ --- Correct Answer --------- Rule of law Which form of government is based on popular sovereignty? --------- Correct Answer ---- ----- republic Use the provided Preamble to the United States Constitution to answer the question. "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America." Which of the following statements best describes the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution? --------- Correct Answer --------- Governments are accountable to the citizens over whom they rule The U.S. Congress fulfilled which of the following purposes of government when it declared war on Japan after the attack on Pearl Harbor? --------- Correct Answer --------- providing for the common defense Which circumstance would require a search warrant? --------- Correct Answer --------- examining the contents of a hotel room In the United States, which of the following is permitted to citizens by the right of freedom of assembly? --------- Correct Answer --------- the right to demonstrate A man is walking down a public street window-shopping. A robbery is reported in that same area. Police officers stop and search the man who is shopping. On what Constitutional grounds could this man contest this search as a violation of his rights? ---- ----- Correct Answer --------- Fourth Amendment In the United States, how are conflicts between state laws and federal laws generally resolved? --------- Correct Answer --------- The conflict must be resolved using the Supremacy Clause Which article of the U.S. Constitution grants the power to coin money, make treaties, and levy import duties? --------- Correct Answer --------- Article I A suspect is accused of a crime in one state and flees to another state where they are apprehended. The state is very slow in returning the suspect to the state of origin and keeps them imprisoned. Which of the following represents a suitable petition for the suspect in this situation, in regard to their constitutional rights? --------- Correct Answer --------- petition for a writ of habeas corpus Which phrase best describes the power of impeachment? --------- Correct Answer -------- - the ability of the U.S. House to charge federal officers with a crime or violation "He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures." Which constitutional provision was inspired by the above complaint? --------- Correct Answer --------- The Third Amendment limits the quartering of soldiers to specific circumstances. Use the passage below, from a historical document, to answer the question that follows. "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America." Which philosophical movement best reflects the ideals in the passage? --------- Correct Answer --------- Enlightenment Use the passage below, which was included in the Declaration of Sentiments adopted at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, to answer the question that follows. We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Which of the following documents influenced the aims and strategies of the authors of the Declaration of Sentiments? --------- Correct Answer --------- Declaration of Independence Which political philosopher's ideas are best represented in the Declaration of Independence? --------- Correct Answer --------- John Locke Why did colonists living under British rule protest British tax policies? --------- Correct Answer --------- The colonists claimed that the tax policies violated their political rights. In the Mayflower Compact, Plymouth settlers pledged to unite into "a civil body politic" and agreed to make and abide by laws that "insured the general Good of the Colony." What founding document did this set a precedent for? --------- Correct Answer --------- U.S. Constitution Confederate States of America --------- Correct Answer --------- The 11 U.S. states, also called "the Confederacy," that attempted to secede from the Union but lost the Civil War and afterward were reintegrated into the Union. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) --------- Correct Answer --------- Supreme Court ruling that upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court's broad interpretation of the Constitution's commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers. reserved powers --------- Correct Answer --------- Powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment that lie at the foundation of a state's right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens. Aristocracy --------- Correct Answer --------- A government in which a small group of individuals govern for the perceived good of all. Barron v. Baltimore (1833) --------- Correct Answer --------- Supreme Court ruling that, before the Civil War, limited the applicability of the Bill of Rights to the federal government and not to the states. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) --------- Correct Answer --------- Supreme Court ruling that upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank, using the Constitution's supremacy clause New Deal --------- Correct Answer --------- The political program enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s that greatly expanded the role of the federal government to combat the effects of the Great Depression. Earl Warren --------- Correct Answer --------- Served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1953 to 1969. The Warren Court was noted for its major constitutional shifts on issues such as defendants' rights and the desegregation of southern schools. 16th Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- Allows the federal government (Congress) to collect income tax 10th Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- The final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people. concurrent powers --------- Correct Answer --------- powers shared by the national and state governments Confederation --------- Correct Answer --------- Type of government in which the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states. Cooperative Federalism --------- Correct Answer --------- The intertwined relationship between national, state, and local governments that began with the New Deal; often referred to as marble-cake federalism. Shelby County v. Holder (2013) --------- Correct Answer --------- Court ruled that pre- clearance of election changes cannot be applied to just certain states previously found to curtail or inhibit minority voting, thus overruling a key provision of the Voting Rights Act. Dred Scott --------- Correct Answer --------- Named plaintiff in major Supreme Court case in which the court concluded enslaved people were property-not persons in the eyes of the law. Dual Federalism --------- Correct Answer --------- The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement, often referred to as layer-cake federalism because the state and federal governments make up two separate and distinct governing tiers. John Marshall --------- Correct Answer --------- The longest-serving Supreme Court chief justice, Marshall served from 1801 to 1835. Marshall's decision in Marbury. Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review. Block grant --------- Correct Answer --------- A large grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines. 17th Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection by state legislatures. Nullification --------- Correct Answer --------- The belief in the right of a state to declare void a federal law. Secession --------- Correct Answer --------- A unilateral assertion of independence by a geographic region within a country. The eleven Southern states making up the Confederacy during the Civil War seceded from the United States. Dred Scott v. Sanford --------- Correct Answer --------- (1857) Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved Black people. Dred Scott heightened tensions between the pro-slavery South and the abolitionist North in the run-up to the Civil War. federal system --------- Correct Answer --------- System of government in which the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people. Oligarchy --------- Correct Answer --------- A form of government in which the right to participate depends on the possession of wealth, social status, military position, or achievement. Charter --------- Correct Answer --------- A document that, like a constitution, specifies the basic policies, procedures, and institutions of local government. Charters for local governments must be approved by state legislatures. Bill of Rights --------- Correct Answer --------- The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties. enumerated powers --------- Correct Answer --------- The powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article I, section 8, of the Constitution. Virginia Plan --------- Correct Answer --------- A proposed framework for the Constitution favoring large states. It called for a bicameral legislature, which would appoint executive and judicial officers. Article 2 --------- Correct Answer --------- Vests the executive power, that is, the authority to execute the laws of the nation, in a president of the United States; section 1 sets the president's term of office at four years, explains the Electoral College, states the qualifications for office, and describes a mechanism to replace the president in case of death, disability, or removal from office. Supremacy Clause --------- Correct Answer --------- Portion of Article VI of the Constitution mandating that national law is supreme over (that is, supersedes) all other laws passed by the states or by any other subdivision of government. Full Faith and Credit Clause --------- Correct Answer --------- Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state. John Jay --------- Correct Answer --------- A member of the Founding generation who was the first Chief Justice of the United States. A diplomat and co-author of TheFederalist Papers. Electoral College --------- Correct Answer --------- The system established by the Constitution through which the president is chosen by electors from each state, which has as many electoral votes as it has members of Congress. Mercantilism --------- Correct Answer --------- An economic theory designed to increase a nation's wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade. Montesquieu --------- Correct Answer --------- French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755) What is the process of directly voting on laws proposed by the constitution? ---------- Correct Answer --------- direct democracy What is the purpose of a written Constitution? (2 answers) ---------- Correct Answer ------ --- inform citizens of the powers and limitations of the government Which idea in the constitution outlines the powers of the 3 branches of government? ---- ------ Correct Answer --------- separation of powers Which branch of government does article 1 establish? ---------- Correct Answer --------- legislative branch Which branch of government does article 2 establish? ---------- Correct Answer --------- executive branch Which branch of government does article 3 establish? ---------- Correct Answer --------- judicial branch What was put in place to ensure that one branch could not overpower another / allow branches to put others in check? ---------- Correct Answer --------- checks and balances Which part of the Constitution outlines the principles of what the country was founded on? ---------- Correct Answer --------- the preamble Which clause states that Federal law is supreme / superior to any state law? ---------- Correct Answer --------- the supremacy clause Which court case aided in the enforcement of the supremacy clause? ---------- Correct Answer --------- McCulloch vs. Maryland What are some of the powers of the legislative branch? ---------- Correct Answer --------- creation of laws, collecting money, taxing, regulating interstate / foreign commerce Which branch of government is able to impeach officers? ---------- Correct Answer -------- - the legislative branch is able to impeach federal officers Which enlightenment thinker developed the social contract theory? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Jean Jacques Rousseau What is the social contact theory? ---------- Correct Answer --------- persons' moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live. Which enlightenment thinker developed the idea of having 3 branches of government? - --------- Correct Answer --------- Montesquieu Which enlightenment thinker believed in checks and balances? ---------- Correct Answer --------- John Locke What was the official name for the list of grievances sent to King George III? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Declaration of Independence Which documents inspired the US constitution? (3 answers) ---------- Correct Answer ---- ----- The Magna Carta, Declaration of Independence, and Articles of Confederation What was America's first official form of government that failed? ---------- Correct Answer --------- The Articles of Confederation What was the Great Compromise? ---------- Correct Answer --------- a plan that created a bicameral legislature (combined VA and NJ plans to create Congress) one house based on representation, one house has equal representation What is the Commerce Clause? ---------- Correct Answer --------- gives Congress the power "to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes." Which court case created the commerce clause? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Gibbons vs. Ogden What are the first 10 amendments called? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Bill of Rights What freedoms are guaranteed by the 1st Amendment? ---------- Correct Answer --------- religion, speech, press, assembly, petition Which court cases involve freedom on speech? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Tinker v. Des Moines & Schenk v. United States Which clause was created as a result of Schenk v. United States? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Clear and Present danger clause What freedoms are included in the 2nd amendment? ---------- Correct Answer --------- The right to keep and bear arms What does the 3rd amendment state? ---------- Correct Answer --------- No soldier can be quartered in a citizen's home What does the 4th amendment state? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures Which court case overturned Plessy v. Furgeson? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Brown v. The Board of Education What does the 5th amendment protect? ---------- Correct Answer --------- self incrimination and double jeopardy Which case created the Miranda warning / Miranda rights? ---------- Correct Answer ------ --- Miranda vs. Arizona What does the 6th amendment guarantee? ---------- Correct Answer --------- the right to a speedy and public trial Which case allowed citizens to have a lawyer even if they couldn't afford one? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Gideon vs. Wainwright What does the 7th amendment guarantee? ---------- Correct Answer --------- right to trial by jury in civil cases What does the 8th amendment state? ---------- Correct Answer --------- excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. What does the 9th amendment protect? ---------- Correct Answer --------- grants people rights, even if they aren't listed in the Constitution What does the 10th amendment guarantee? ---------- Correct Answer --------- To protect the states from excessive power What does the 11th Amendment prohibit? ---------- Correct Answer --------- States may not be sued by citizens of their state or other states What did the 12th amendment state? ---------- Correct Answer --------- electors vote separately for President and Vice President What did the 13th amendment prohibit? ---------- Correct Answer --------- slavery Which court case was overturned by the 13th amendment? ---------- Correct Answer ----- ---- The Dred Scott decision What does the 14th amendment guarantee? ---------- Correct Answer --------- equal protection of the laws, the naturalization process to allow non-citizens to become citizens, and due process Which court case established women's rights on abortion? ---------- Correct Answer ------ --- Roe vs. Wade What does the 15th amendment state? ---------- Correct Answer --------- no person can be denied the right to vote based on the color of their skin What is federalism? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- A sharing of power between states and national government What type of economic system does the U.S. have? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- Capitalism, market economy In a representative democracy (republic), who is sovereign? ---------- Correct Answer ---- ------- the people Under the U.S. Constitution, what has the power to declare war, conduct foreign policy, and coin currency? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- Article 1 Under the U.S. Constitution, what usually has the power to regulate local safety, schools, and grant driving licenses? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- State government What is the highest court in the US? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- Supreme Court What does the judicial branch do? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- reviews laws, resolves disagreements What are the two houses of Congress? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- Senate and House of Representatives How is representation in the Senate decided? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- 2 per state How many years is the term for a senator? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- 6 years How is representation in the House of Representatives decided? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- a states representation is based on population How many years is the term for a representative? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- 2 years How many voting members does the House currently have? ---------- Correct Answer ---- ------- 435 The Constitutional Convention decided that the chief executive would be chosen by? ---- ------ Correct Answer ----------- The legislature Who is the Commander in Chief of the military? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- President How many years is the term for a President? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- 4 years If a president cannot serve, who is next in line? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- Vice President If the president and vice president cannot serve, who is next in line? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- The speaker What is the purpose of Checks and Balances? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful Who makes federal laws? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- Congress Who signs or vetoes bills to become laws? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- President What is an amendment? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- A change or addition to the Constitution What are the rights and responsibilities of a citizen? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- Respect and obey federal, state, and local laws. Respect the rights, beliefs, and opinions of others. Participate in your local community. Pay income and other taxes honestly, and on time, to federal, state, and local authorities What are the first ten amendments called? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- Bill of Rights How does one become a citizen in the U.S. after the 14th amendment? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- The 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees citizenship at birth to almost all individuals born in the United States or in U.S. jurisdictions, based on jus soli. What Supreme Court case established Judicial Review? ---------- Correct Answer --------- -- Marbury v. Madison What did the McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) case decide? ---------- Correct Answer ------- ---- the Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government In which of the following does the Constitution grant sweeping power to Congress to make laws beyond those that are explicitly enumerated (listed) in Article I? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- Section 8, Clause 18 What is the significance of the "necessary and proper" clause? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- an implied power that gives Congress the power to write laws beyond what is written in the Constitution What did the Court uphold in Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)? ---------- Correct Answer --------- -- Congress has the power to regulate buying and selling of stuff and that the federal law outweighs state laws What was the Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- upheld slavery in United States territories, denied the legality of black citizenship in America, and declared the Missouri Compromise to be unconstitutional Which Court decision established "Separate but Equal", which provided separate public facilities for both whites and blacks as long as they were "equal"? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- Plessy v. Ferguson What did the Court decide in Lochner v. New York (1905)? ---------- Correct Answer ------ ----- a New York law setting maximum working hours for bakers was unconstitutional Which Supreme Court case held that the First Amendment right to free speech doesn't protect speech that presents a "clear and present danger?" ---------- Correct Answer ----- ------ Schenck v. United States Which Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- Korematsu v. United States What did the Supreme Court decide in Brown v. Board of Education? Which amendment allows the Court to prevent racial inequality at the state level? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- Which of the following rights are protected in the First Amendment? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- Which of the landmark cases involved questions over the First Amendment? (There can be more than one) ---------- Correct Answer ----------- Which Supreme Court case held that it is unconstitutional for state officials to write an official school prayer and to encourage students to recite it? ---------- Correct Answer ---- ------- What was that case, in which the Court determined that Students have the right to free speech at school as long it doesn't disrupt school activities? ---------- Correct Answer ---- ------- Which cases involved a right to privacy? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- How did Roe v. Wade limit state's right? ---------- Correct Answer -----------