Florida Civic Literacy Test Answers Updated Version/ Florid Civic Literacy Test Study, Exams of Law

Download Florida Civic Literacy Test Answers Updated Version/ Florid Civic Literacy Test Study and more Exams Law in PDF only on Docsity! Florida Civic Literacy Test Answers Updated Version/ Florid Civic Literacy Test Study Guide Brown v. Board of Education --------- Correct Answer --------- 1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated. McCullouch v Maryland --------- Correct Answer --------- the Supreme Court ruled that national law is superior to state law. Could not tax the U.S. bank at the state level Gibbons v. Ogden --------- Correct Answer --------- Commerce clause case (1824). Decision greatly enlarged Congress' interstate commerce clause power by broadly defining the meaning of "commerce" to include virtually all types of economic activity. Pair with Lopez & Morrison cases (limiting commerce power). Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier --------- Correct Answer --------- U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that the First Amendment does not protect all types of student speech in school Gideon v. Wainwright --------- Correct Answer --------- a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history. In the case, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that state courts are required under the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants unable to afford their own attorneys. RIGHT TO AN ATTORNEY Marbury v. Madison (1803) --------- Correct Answer --------- Established judicial review; "midnight judges;" John Marshall; power of the Supreme Court. Plessy v. Ferguson --------- Correct Answer --------- a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal Schenck v. United States --------- Correct Answer --------- A 1919 decision upholding the conviction of a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during World War I. Justice Holmes declared that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils. United States v. Nixon --------- Correct Answer --------- The 1974 case in which the Supreme Court unanimously held that the doctrine of executive privilege was implicit in the Constitution but could not be extended to protect documents relevant to criminal prosecutions District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) --------- Correct Answer --------- Ruled the 2nd Amendment protects an individual's right to possess a firearm for lawful, private use (Roberts Court) Roe v. Wade --------- Correct Answer --------- The 1973 Supreme Court decision holding that a state ban on all abortions was unconstitutional. The decision forbade state control over abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy, permitted states to limit abortions to protect the mother's health in the second trimester, and permitted states to protect the fetus during the third trimester. Northwest Ordinance (pre-Constitution) --------- Correct Answer --------- Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) --------- Correct Answer --------- Contains four parts: 1) Raised the residence requirement for American citizenship from 5 to 14 years. 2) Alien Act - Gave the President the power in peacetime to order any alien out of the country. 3) Alien Enemies Act - permitted the President in wartime to jail aliens when he wanted to. (No arrests made under the Alien Act or the Alien Enemies Act.) 4) The Sedition Act - Key clause provided fines and jail penalties for anyone guilty of sedition. Was to remain in effect until the next Presidential inauguration. Judiciary Act of 1789 --------- Correct Answer --------- In 1789 Congress passed this Act which created the federal-court system. The act managed to quiet popular apprehensions by establishing in each state a federal district court that operated according to local procedures. Land Act of 1800 --------- Correct Answer --------- This act was established to sell more western lands and to replace the failed Land Act of 1796. It allowed a minimum unit to be bought of 320 acres and allowed a spread payment over four years. The price per acre was also dropped to $1.64, which became the price of the homestead for the entirety of the western movement Made it easier to buy land in the Northwest (Indiana) Territory Judiciary Act of 1801 --------- Correct Answer --------- a law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists Indian Removal Act --------- Correct Answer --------- Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West. (Trail of Tears) Adams-Onis Treaty --------- Correct Answer --------- (1819) Spain ceded Florida to the United States and gave up its claims to the Oregon Territory Suspension of Habeas Corpus in 1861 --------- Correct Answer --------- Lincoln suspended this writ, which states that a person cannot be arrested without probable cause and must be informed of the charges against him and be given an opportunity to challenge them. Throughout the war, thousands were arrested for disloyal acts. Although the U.S. Supreme Court eventually held the suspension edict to be unconstitutional, by the time the Court acted the Civil War was nearly over. Emancipation Proclamation --------- Correct Answer --------- (AL) , Issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free Gentleman's Agreement (1907-1908) --------- Correct Answer --------- Japan's government agreed to limit emigration of unskilled workers to the United States in exchange for the repeal of the San Francisco segregation order. New Deal --------- Correct Answer --------- A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression. Executive Order 9066 --------- Correct Answer --------- (Japanese Internment) 2/19/42; 112,000 Japanese-Americans forced into camps causing loss of homes & businesses, 600K more renounced citizenship; demonstrated fear of Japanese invasion Executive Order 9981 --------- Correct Answer --------- (Truman's Desegregation of the Army) Establishes equality of treatment and opportunity in the Armed Services for people of all race, religions, or national origins Executive Order 10730 --------- Correct Answer --------- (Eisenhower using the National Guard to support desegregation) an executive order issued by President Eisenhower in 1957 forcing the desegregation of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas Executive Order 10925 --------- Correct Answer --------- signed by President John F. Kennedy on March 6, 1961, required government contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin."It established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Executive Order 11246 --------- Correct Answer --------- Prohibits federal contractors and subcontractors from discriminating based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The Executive Order also requires Government contractors to take affirmative action to ensure that equal opportunity is provided in all aspects of their employment. Article 1 of the Constitution --------- Correct Answer --------- Established the Legislative Branch (Congress) Article 2 of the Constitution --------- Correct Answer --------- Section of the Constitution laying out powers and responsibilities of the Executive Branch Article 3 of the Constitution --------- Correct Answer --------- Section of the Constitution laying out powers and responsibilities of the Judicial Branch Article 4 of the Constitution --------- Correct Answer --------- Outlines the rights and expectations for all states and citizens including the adding of new states Article 5 of the Constitution --------- Correct Answer --------- Outlines the process for amending or changing the Constitution (adding amendments) Article 6 of the Constitution --------- Correct Answer --------- Supremacy Clause - clearly states that national law will be supreme over state law Article 7 of the Constitution --------- Correct Answer --------- Outlines the process for ratification of the Constitution Bill of Rights --------- Correct Answer --------- First 10 amendments to the Constitution 1st Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. 2nd Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- Right to keep and bear arms 3rd Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- No quartering of soldiers 4th Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures 5th Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- The Right to Remain Silent/Double Jeopardy, right to due process 6th Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- The right to a Speedy Trial by jury, representation by an attorney for an accused person 7th Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- Right to a trial by jury in civil cases 8th Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- No cruel and unusual punishment 9th Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 10th Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. enumerated powers --------- Correct Answer --------- Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war. 13th Amendment (1865) --------- Correct Answer --------- Abolishes and prohibits forced servitude with exception of imprisonment 14th Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws 15th Amendment (1870) --------- Correct Answer --------- Prohibited voting restrictions based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude (slavery) 19th Amendment (1920) --------- Correct Answer --------- Ratified on August 18, 1920 (drafted by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton), prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex. The Constitution allows the states to determine the qualifications for voting, and until the 1910's most states disenfranchised women. The amendment was the culmination of the women's suffrage movement in the U.S. 21st Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- Amendment which ended the Prohibition of alcohol in the US, repealing the 18th amendment 22nd Amendment --------- Correct Answer --------- Amendment that created a 2 term limit on presidents. (After FDR) District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) --------- Correct Answer --------- Ruled the 2nd Amendment protects an individual's right to possess a firearm for lawful, private use (Roberts Court) United States v. Nixon --------- Correct Answer ---------