Historical Development of Renewable Energy Technologies, Summaries of Fluid Mechanics

Download Historical Development of Renewable Energy Technologies and more Summaries Fluid Mechanics in PDF only on Docsity! Taant. \ flux x driving ove ¥ a quanttty Aacax thre tfecicl Mech [} Momento ane ker Mom. 2tux & VetocPty aracttent lot 7 a bhiar Kbvexs da Te dy dae Shean force = MUSK ace Aaa Anza => masx velotty Areaxtime = momentund Anza xtime > mementurn qin ‘ . per May Ave Newton's Jae a, viscostlg wane poar paopertirs Vis costly, Conduct vt Di putvi a Heat Trane fev Heat fax “ At ctoe KAT V ‘lx fourter’s Laud Ol heat Conduetton QQ: Puat flow q: 8 A. Maré Trans MAK dle x 1 dy de Nn Donde | mae lux dx Der T 7 effect rity of A tte BR. ick’c Joie, cle Hust Frans pont Jous Neceton's aw fourter's Aaw “rch: Daw. of viscostly A Aubjeck can be ‘tucked to plowing & hovelk : Macroscopic M lem scopie Motecatans a scessaananeerersussiennerrstscs teens EE Scanned by CamScanner ° ero6cop | © j- Nacrmsepe what f& comtng » what %& Comin out No Roig about what kk happentig Pretole a Ntcroseopte : Volume i ine Sroaut park frre fixed Ht Yotume (controteed votume) . 9-Nole elas - oxamintn au the changes ea a Partl cubas dined motecerle oe faqqrangian Met - Fulestan uid a) oper ach approach. Newton's dow of viscostty yy | tao athentet inftiawy at txt Po tower plate sot in Otto : expe Unsteady tale velocity Kyat diettudtton Cdepande on stmt) - A tee! Steady stale velocity ” distibution Ctndepenctent % Tm) Thoader ko matutatn coct velocity distribution Thu Lowe, Plo has te move@ const. velocity 80 a doree has to be Opplied 4 Scanned by CamScanner P jleight clencttay = hlefght Mar x ace clu te vavh ty Volume Volume tintl? NZ og ud» P, fra OS kg im. key ns 9g? ms 2 ; Specttfe Votume : Ve 4. Vstume 4 Mas (unit) thud) i Spe thie i 1A vitg : 5 dine gtven dtuid Relative density oh Ap. juve plunssty) son Rquia 28,. 2. Seo = 100k g /ra 3 ho unitr Hoan gat > Sei- Se” . Fair sy t-an kg /m?. ? ' 5. Coheston': . fons of Attiactton btwn two Lfke motecuke. - Mercury hax hight Cohes fve fprce Si alt flute, t. Adheston: Pr bt the. Property ry cohich -ttwo yee mix gether. (btwn two chtuctele oy btwn a Ligeid and ° a cblid surface). Forte & attyaction btwn two unlike tole cerbes a Viscostty (HB): tdynamie rconiay) Restetan, d by the gute b tte pwn flow when xhian “trem bore Ruictane the me Par b ik adjacent Thee a a ° pluid ‘poise = (0ocP (anti poise) me N CGS ntl Bem Pe tm 2 f ps Foie] P “aa. ea Fla gy, Yan Shuar sate . pois > Jt wes kgm mi cm. 8 es mFée ci By Wora.ns “By ¢ * ad py ms moa Ipoise > to" keg pg oe Scanned by CamScanner Viscoafty of waters [cp tpows = tot ky ms toocP= tot kg ms IeP= ton-3leq | mS Elect oh temp % PAadsure on vieepalty of tutta : mye op mp Viscoatty oh maitiy lutels clepen h splen *hop | Mlemoliculas Cofusive fortes , Apter &. Moleceetar ‘mometum Tlranktey Pradorninadtin tor & 4. Weth fnceaxe “tn temp At decroarer the twtermotecclar cohesive om a. ik heglegitote Aine tk kk “oy packed A TT at decrees ae spt Bap de Gases : { d. t the pucominating fpeme +e cow As Tt cottfsion btwn qu tole cites inoeases and.» & tnoraxes. : TT Mt vey Ke fep Peg Th Aake cares , Some oth TP TH. & kinmatie Viscosity Y= Beka. ts @ lb >, Pees or T? May x P mMom= May ‘ Foe : ee Ts B.dlvs) Pood ae | Scanned by CamScanner T? Ya ley) ve, dx Momontym dippeartvl ty heat Seater ! do? ad flo? Q« MGdt 4 BM ket Gp “ot A an Sp 4° Bs kd (Pq) Ao Pe ran ) ae x 4 (Spt) J ab Therma oli'f fustvt tg for maw trons ity t ' Na= Der Aca . ax t San diyyatvley ces untt = Stokes (ae*y > (1o-2yn 2 = tome 8 8. 6 q. lata xt unté : ms - iid fp ‘keg Reciprocal | >) viscoatty, to. Relative Viscosity > Viscoxity * given fluid Vis coatty % Solvent . UL. Srereface ctenston : © 2 There & altwaye a net downward force acting on the wate motlecuty PAcsent tb ph, ft Atretace of the diquicl , Aeptned ar Force Aequiaed to keep sunit dong th 4 Mquid fim in gquit?bviteem . ‘ i Scanned by CamScanner F Applying fdavv h re. maw AAM~ Bava = d tmax) a d(Py) at cuent) = Volume dP . “a doy Encompacscibte fluids aensity & amstant | ae PCA ~AaVa) = Volume (69 AM~ AaVe = 6 [Aw = AaVo Equation > Volurmetyfc flow Aat, % aE . Q- constant ts thtafned by ap plying © Lae. of. con. be Ver a Auctem . 4 J f “b. AAs Louw hy Com . Hy Momentum : Rat S% Momentum = Momentum Téme = mans x Velocity — . time = max x Acteleration = baw Mom. fax > Aheas oan Rati 4, mom in — Rate oh mom cur + Aum a ports acting MmM=p ($8) fine Austen - = Mom. ateumuabd — (unta tnside the Ayctem Atal) Scanned by CamScanner PoAstbte press acting 3 ; si ia 1 Prsforee, Shuas Gyravitationas fore \ pore Rate 4 mom = mom : man xvel time time density x vot x vel time aenaitey x Aka x Length x Velocity Hime SAR ap Poets FAL* 25 Fan oh motion low a, comervation eneray: Enevgy can heftluer be created nor be clestroyed but dan be hantormed diem one, torm to anottan pon 1 kdnetee Jenergy = tmy2 - 1 Pv2 stot denkiyoe ay 2 ¥ 2 “Vo = ka i = NM=T ag, 2: Potentfal nergy Te mah y Fgh =h = 4 kgm -m = Nmey 62 3. ; Pressure : Henargy + Pressure x Vot . os o Pp Not I 7 Fie" Mm sinm <7, 99 Stum be Aunerg.es ax" ane given pt tna 4ustem is constant Rot Vit he comtant Bernouttis £an’ cee Py 79 p 2 Poot thes Po ave the Pa Rg a a] Total heal @ any given point to the exp, Kectt eon oo pipe fk a Constanc ee Scanned by CamScanner F Thermodynamic Atal Aglatfonship : Pe = gltP Asociatid boundary tondttfons : Poundary conctttions ane Necessary to vay, ati variotts inteqration comtanke that appear dusty Integration. . Velocity : Im? = 1009) Veloet ty = ‘Votametrtc plow salt my, ois Cg area oy ptpe m2 fs. weet nny yatocil > din At tude -aolid interac » the Nerney of pretd is - Ye 'votoetty eh aot drat he behaviouut axe ante Aymmuetric Cie Same above and below the ants) , Pom rcloss en cdigi ons TSO j VeVmax 3 -Tto YeR } Ue 0 ie Dita Average Velocity ens -: = Won Vag - Juda . Q or [> 7 : D) Ang. Velodty i obtained b Surnining ip aU te volocdtin acm the Cras ctection dtvfded by CHO Aectt onal "Onna AH pipe ; da=> Area Sh gterental atrip Cai} bere nttal axa) Vovg = Vimar oa. Scanned by CamScanner Neo + ‘Shertfal fore _—_ Vi'scoces Anace ~ | | Fre mast x Acc if exerted by “the spluutel clue Lt own aculeration . din x vol x Prt » vet th Fim ytlo AMR Area x’ se veloci ty or " Be Pays ae s _ Wf cante irenmion ts ATS PME wal ira i ete a chan 6 L nuntdipteed or clivided Y= py be tant... Bepy sui ante Fue PAY aa Scdiope HE bit} L ; Neo = Far 2, PAVE by yo Neo = Fr. PAV. FO pA Nee = Prt gps began j infod 080 Open’ “yoo Nee = ‘Sur : po Length Bh flow \ le a cloxed ftow Nee = : dm * hoogth % ppennd - ane ge eaete Ton hoa ty bo d{ow atrection | Cinuslar dlow * Pup = Enos VM velo | : ad MN ang: Spaed | =| MY, PO De dianute eo the AtiAMLe Noapes Nee ¢ &too —> Laminar too < Nre <h000/> Tranition Nee > hoon Turbulent . . Scanned by CamScanner p Water @ 26% & 4lowlng thru a pipe having Dep ak an avg. Veloetty oh Qm/s. Report thy type *\ ftow: P= took > (973 Dilie g/m Fate 16 Kens D: Bxto"2 m Vee Nee » PYD « & 13x UX ARON? » 10-8 = 100, p95 Sinte Mpe = too000 Hote - ‘the type of flow & turbutent 2. Fluid States Static tutd => At coedlibrture \ . ry “Sur of fas acting on Ahe plaid 43 ner ZFeo Horace balanw is ‘impoatant - Th ony Atress acting on the splat is normal Atvoss Thee & no shoaa Atres “Component on the Atatic fluid. Doamal tres => Prgseture. Pek Yo. Pascal kg o ero A m? ‘hom Rw gamttiar as , ms? . Surpace apree Lxerticl ogoutrat thu AWQLL % We ate in ' containey: Voxel . latm Pr = 101395 «to Pa (or) Nim a (01295 bay * ‘Ieomm of Ha = yet Pat Scanned by CamScanner P jauge Pressure : Ne f N th PACS tove mearturd be Pactuye measuring couito by taking alm. Paoyseaye “at Datum acuttrn Pacwere: . T Tat Nogative Paesstive , Below atm. Paryeve evr out ave Pr => Abs. Pr = Atm. Pr + Gt Pe yo Pro Abs. Pr = Atm. Pr = Vac. Py Static Pausttre ; Hydros tatic Pressure: The Pressure height aaletlcndiep er) Variation Dh PAerure due to elevation ou dtppevance a Au Metkeremont oh gt uK 4yom dives Aura and not from m = rv Abate phuk P— Pr intensity on Aurhare Shean 4pree Oo 4p peut Sa { i Pr. porte dating con. the Surface PB | Pee [Fs Ba | 1 3B 7 Poa L i , CD Aa Cs -Aazea Ob Aurrferce - =A at (uptiwutt ler? buoganty) # Crrev?tat mal qpre acting ar “open . =m | © PV xg, 2 Syn ; Pa x Arca fala x het ght 7 Pg A (dst) —_ Scanned by CamScanner Sine tla tlemenls ane Very © Iqnoaed 0 SFeo Stim Qh Hoaiontag fpaua £0. : : Sino z. “Pedy dt4 Pusine ANAL +o mes Ay ~Px Ay At + Po sy Af Az =O. Bw Sup Qh Ve Comp : Py area z- Pro COS AW AL= 6 Tyan az~ Pro AX MWA eo, An ®pen tank Contains ©” Od above od an ott AP-9r. 08 ts Im tind the fntenatty % Pr @ y tntexfats eco Lig in Ryd )@ m bottom &% tank tn per D Ps Fax = B00K4-81x 4 * ta ha Pe ras » : : Ps Pox looo | X9-81 x2 Worsamoks WTR! P > Iban , Poth = tens + tded0- Stn bs Pa. = IHGOSxtO% wats < 9:49 P. Scanned by CamScanner wal —t (al: (he pA. dus ito a2 Column 0-4 m of, wath. gee 3) bt > 4p gr 0.9 Lael P. 13600 Witia => P- Pox. f= 8434 Fa Fig: 5aabb.4 Pa Pett = BB3I-L Pa Rescue Measurement Ps.dith @ paint s- ctiph btwn two poiniz tha ptp pe dif Btwn -two pipes . ist unit A asem dia pipe Comte an ott wm Ap gr709 @ a velocity gm[s @ one Aection. And @ anothes section, the dia a ripe ts @oem. find the velodity at th section and MAK ftow Aate in «hb pipe BY eq: by emtinuity AM = AaVa: At 86th (eee) ae 34m (oxo je H hot : 9, { Ay ouqme wars A by @ _ oll = 00, (0-049 1(3)= (0.0314 Vg [va Ieee m/e Gem fhe Pee > Apoxo-lHt Mm = 139.3kg A piee@® yBomm tn dia branch tnte two piper ® and &) having dia = 300mm ond 200mm At: The avg. Vetodty 4h pipe ® & sm)s DFind the distharge through 450 mm dia pipe. a) Find The Velouty Scanned by CamScanner tr 200mm. dra pipe» Pipe iB pm/g AVE => hoo Ate 8.1 Crpoxtio"3)% . torr Mv MB ristoi 4 Aw, 1 Otbgq Mx [Boca] <3 Qin: Gout a. = Qa 4 Qs yo, Io 15472 "(OcctDT x 9-55 (HTT) — Cortes) S-o3ty 13 Mm Manomeles lanomuelers ° avg e . 44 ma uw 800m, di, | . > opp mm oT + ®@ ’ Q Co) + oa y, ; ‘ - oe Veo (east) toring Dyfniat, PAwene measuring clevite me. oe Tt eet balane a Cotemn ry anothey eottemn Of, pplueéd These an fmm Classisication : & tmple manomelex Dit rentiod Manone Gg Simple manometer - Proyoriatey “Utube manometi¥ | STogle ‘column Manonubs ob pita bs the Aame ply a gles ‘tube , Pr @ = Single pt > btwn 2 pa or a Pipes ‘ Newticle Seu Tretirud Hatlgentsen Che Hi 2%) Scanned by CamScanner h,- height “4 cente A> ¢s 4 Lest, ? xx->~ datum ulne to NRtctey then Uh. manonute & rot Ly Yo ; b Pipe | lwohin Corthected Nas haight Mano.diq above x am cs oy lémb ~ % Pipe pm xx ~., E + fig Chit ah) = Frog Cohthsd ib “ie ae Sigbh + bh Sng hat gh, In Bg + Amb SMW) ot ; © ywohen AAC 4 ALKOYUDTY is Ver forge cohen syn pare cl je ara % dimb then A>s>ra , db h Same as Piiago, tor any huge Vartation tn dig Pr, the Variation Ash > axh, ‘Ane oO aot —O® 4 OL he Sine: he yorest — aos -y b haeesine Relned Aub bs =b8ine oh al do v Pt fear an fneltned ‘ingle column bY iT pr flr Liauid with smalt Pr chang Tr bs highly Aonsittve « i Scanned by CamScanner | : & connected lo Pipe Corl, 9 di tingle ¢-N ° «tar ga the Pr. to the Pipe 4 the DT serervorr & 100 Hrs, Abe re. Te mano Aeads Hoen, tbe mano meltr - and sigh a cantie pipe» above dattum, dfne .f& apem. Poe (3600 his @0cem >» 2Oxto72m Jie 900 ha= locrn = Hoxto2m Bo sieh A too Te Batine dips. mane : : Tse an devise uted mature the Pr. dit lotion two pe wh a Pipe. ©). btwn too Pipes. | 4 Fg Chithe) « faa Rghi+ Sing ha, . Thverted U-tube: Scanned by CamScanner <fov inverted manometer > The manonelyet qletd wld be Aight. laty) Ginee qerg. Liq har to atce, » oppostng gravity 9 us mete . Pa + Fig )thetha) « Pe Ftgrht Fra 9) ha af . ' ce «70h _y han at mol in DY to lew ay plea Freg ? Pi tegyhr 4 Orrerential Analyste Snort fpelom dtm “plotter Type of ; Ame doxtyatives : Cx) ‘c-clepencl on portitin Falittan (Dial Time Detranve afr | eee Hm bayTotal Time ‘Derivative (my 2D Jamangiang S)Substantial Time \ de. 4 d¢.dx4 acd ors in a devivarive AE 3E dx GE 5q SE ich time. in g Aived “C’: + 8c. Ar we a ri oz ak Postifon tin faens\ | + Sanding * on ma br O Sing, dla ate moxe, than one clependent Variable > Tt & Partiatly dif fuantiated ® Rae ng a boat: here oe => Velocity Bf, beat fey 3 Jevop ing ayem book te sfver , De. acy e- ae 4 Yyac + de Dr. ob Ou ey DL Vo Velocity a -ffeid ; | WY) Destyative Followtng the Stet motion Scanned by CamScanner ® can be Atroply ‘wrilln ou RL = -PR-yJ-© Dt rut Fan@sa®™ ae ako cated Lan of um é which Aepauente Rate af change of density ay aheervoct by an observer who sloxting along ty cffetet, dor an thoomp auxtle ttuid , Ran ®.@, QO becomes git “tm, [was}=o. ; ‘a 1 (or) 274 WW 4 Weg ox ay 3z Fquation motton : Am; hay, \ ' . & Volurme; AxcAy Ar ’ Consider pare flu A fired in pace ‘ “Fpphying daw eh conservation % CP Monn Fur : Rat of monuituns ca . Retr hulatrol = Momuntim “niet the Volume an i Aravy f° || Rag oF He —O —— I" Nomen tum “ntertng in : ! -| i Tapas te mornentum fy ap aly i YL) ttasction | So Note ; Morn tuum 2rclen ints a Atalay maw 4 pisid ust Impast i monuntim fo att adduction, | Scanned by CamScanner mporert momentum balance. te + tm ome nf cw) a mass X velocity) 4 | ) (denxvolevel an Momend. Aceumul ad ta 2 (Px) = Ar byt. ae) __g a OF alt % mrs as ° PoeNe se Ver > Px Aedev . Pavv + Pree mans ture = aw Usmtt for &- | Rati a ~ momentum entering in at oes = dyaz [erro] [eee Leaving cur at xe odtAxr © © oy dz [ope Vel | Le x4. a entering Ln ax Y= d = Ax AT Pry) J lyey oe entering th @ £2 = AxOY [CPT 2. 7 a duaving mut at y-gtoy . dx 52) Pry, daaving cut @ Ye tear An. ay[CPv ov, T le -t4A4 4 x Momentum entering an % teaving lege The het Agate Ur ann OY AY [oneal c CPM dls vay | + Axaz | (924 Veelyey (Pry) Val yzyean] + Ax dy [ (Pm ye lesz - P Vy) Vx z-z442 | x @ a Scanned by CamScanner r— i eran Shear. ESA! — fore X component shear stron antering in ot ice i fe wee eal agae X Component Pamure forte acting onthe 4ifttem at re % Pf fps PA z = AY. Ow Px lace ne leaving at 1% . - Ay. 62 Pe Tez ras The net component Dyrexure Pores = AYOL T Pac Lacene ~ Prxlx=rtaz | ae The x "Ne X= Component gravitational fore. S i: rm ‘ 2 Prvol*g = Px Bx-DY AEG Gs Pima aa) 6: fs- Tal , Jeaning out at = KtAK Trex), xe AYAL = Ax entertng ID ak gry J Tyxlyey Ox At P89 Taal gidtt? , ented 8 en ak ; t=% ‘ Caxlyey Axsy 0 v= AxA waz oT, d he mle-ata7 ‘, het % component — AhLay fore acting om Tap Ces . (Caen laine 7 Grad Pare) Ag aie + CTyxlyey - Tyxl y-q2ag maz + (Taxltsx - Canlt-r+ar) axsy Scanned by CamScanner — , Collect art dertvativer 4, JQ om one mde y ; e tonsicer fan @ ) ies a [PID a Ve: Brvadavu, 2 (Pine) a Be 2 Uva): 90x Poway pit iY 2 { BeN + ax q 5 ) Be Wy d0Vx “4 Pr, ade 4 y's pus! ‘By 4 Ye Bie 4 DVim Ove cal on 4 ie ae ae . Pac eng we 53 she np faipod! s vee} a 1%qx A ey w DUPY)> Voy 5 ‘ Gi . 4 df BL cone RAO pe eG oe a at ke ve, 1 2d : Forte : ~ Sheox tore rs Atte es = TH op Gyr: Fore anit Y Bnet we] Unit yt wnyt Fema @ dar ® & Caled as oan motion tohich & 4qpod Complutely dauivatenT Neurtonte Seeond we Shot Lan @ Atpawenl, A Ati molecels moving alton stata vehich be de autevated bear, Ody the forces ie ‘e te 7 iy Leqn @ Aub Newtons Rew Bonet tay —(Pvy= so 5 ) FW*v)- Vp+ Fg | — c — Dee Stoker fean (S95. ee > In Lean @ PUEV.T eo. 4 p_LSVI" — Vit Ry aityxie Lan oy motion Aavelopeck an \tah + has, been toside! a ty used tn alow Atknahony whos Scanned by CamScanner F Vie Coens aH Aclattn gty untmpoatant a A Utube manomenxy weed to MMakure Ehy Pataca, % ; a Pipe ushith & 0 2x % Ob, The Aight Aime a Mano contais merurtangs » pen to atm the contact btwn waty and Hy t % sh dept timb ft) Delirminn Parcs ‘ walks fate math ne My Aifterence fh Hg ‘ Aevel peony a U tube 4g loem ana “Surface op merurry 1 fy devel with contre Sh the Pipe. i) 74) Pa-of watir ip Pipeline & Reduced Xo astontn: cate. the new dipteronc 3 Me Level ct meraury - Sketch The O°4.0.NG emente fer both the Cases. DP + Su{ C0) = Fong (0) Fee = Rog liad 4 Prefion aw > Eloves t9-81) crops (130009 (4-810 jf XO 72 Fae 1236060 tof? vio? , (2360.6 Pp, aos n - ae T8lo 4 Seg Co- xdyt0 PO = eng Clomaxdeior® \ y- Alo y (000%4-81 Co-nrero 2? * 2600 (9.81) Clo-a% 7% 107? is th ; 810 4 Gsioo Wloruio? = [Is3ntbo— 248927 | Wo + 9g) ~ WS (re = 1 BB WER 2666.39 % POLE-2x-AQg1% : IZ3N1-6-Q8lo ~98t DB D.99%s 25K0-6 [3 = 0.9598 crn | Scanned by CamScanner alp.ee7ou) . Qateacen new clip purnee a [4h e-orsper] rexgntial mano fe dfttel ett Hy and & connectad ” utube dig yet fpelint The mano aeading is Abmm ot] ty ! iho PP a dhe wa Ape athe pis ft) when watu ts flowing the pa-ditsh ee ot thru The ce Pepipe iW) Afr @ latm.pr @ ave & tung abd he Pye nT Ppe iT bop 65 hes Somm oh tl \ | [ny vo pt | y TE D J We Yee! pth, Re Pag (hrrhad » Pe+ Bohs Frog ha, re Re : Qa hi tf = ! rm heel » Ea =f 1, Bagh 1 Kgha = Pea rer a Se gh ; = Eqrol wm fafa = (fn-R)gha hts (12b00 - (ood ) ABT X Qbxio"> RK Exes? ———— —— ~ft IR- Pes Sarg.tch | Ris abate —— ~ Real key ii) he Rag trrths): Ib. Foq hus Jengha P= larm fer ¥ ) sos Tip = ) Pa-Pe = (Sen So) ba, C5298 ® = (1ag09- 91:31) 4-61 x Wox!0-> = fa-Pe - 213-29 Pa] A ot ka eg - : : to” # Scanned by CamScanner P henee he Pam uwre ‘% tattd \elowm trea Dy! oy es “bath Pren ure” B . o ~ Prat work done by the dluid = PCat d+ [-p, a5 at &ine we know that the vol: ce, qlutd & Cam, bi e ; Le soy Ge (wy Ayes, 5 Ala = Art, (P-Po? 1 to mm: We “ vor fee be = Volume CA -P2) $ ¢ » WORD tw WE CR-R) — gi. From tow ep con. of Loney we aan write that tne’ total workdone by the qiuid = Cyath wb ke —loss th RE ACR pays WY aR) = belt) -2a) fe Xan ® % Catted Beinonttis &an fov dytetionlun se The corrected sie e Rernoult’s Agn is . Ro4+viegz, 4 lp = ‘P24 ¥22 Boag UP Bag I @ > At stetency f 4 ‘pump dp fo hlp> kp by pump tn m ’ Lue The term Wp Can be “4actucled in Bern outlis Aan (xan@®) when a pump is employed to make ‘dtutd te foro qyom ower gradient 5 higher gradient bp AoAs a head dur te gyi’ agyeer. oar ine pipe is hot Amoo (major Lows), t a ae Scanned by CamScanner vient adn oh chp.ge IS & clrafning ‘prom the bottom parge — °pen tank thrt a somm dia . Pipe. The faking pipe ends @ a pt tom below tha xu cute. pine tm the tank - panes ne legit. yricKonat tes Cale. velocity mf dtow ee a) tscharge | pave ate . Bit vets to r % ag Pa 3g 12 r fy th end& ox epen Te tory cs atmed pheve. " R-R:zlatmPr - we \ Vi = Om/s ry A>>s aly Cor hayge tank, Bupp bf tant). fica ef tank >2e Asa Pipe wv t -LYoa=o. Vv may be neglected . LZi-Z2=20 ae < ti-La = Vo2 : : a . Vo = (Zit) axg 5 Cto) xXOxq 24 Vo = tHrofs A antritugal pump takes the bef he Sotn bottom , tne M2 from the epee bs bat 4 tank » ctethyon it fan a dlow rat. Me a : . ? + t60Lf ne? hick vey Ptpe docatedt Den ae " vine 4oln oh thy 4upply tank jn, Uctforn. and delfve Lrrves baat al Bert ie vit tennected by PT/teg The Pane yrvatlion ith» ANC, xe brine I 2kgp, Pur f Ang. or the pisap “bhicfeney Catculat power Were "= 01g ot (F bi mina = W80K9 fm Dee Da: team) VW" | | - ii mines oka /ms jot “= Gz 190 Lit fmnin Ai-tetsm [oo be vers > Scanned by CamScanner Tis Pas late. Py. a on ah “a Yu 4 - ba Ab VCs athe o wy dons ig BNiyg Q; Axy, # LD Vaz Qa. eoxtom 2 60 Aec Q. Oxi O-2 T, 24% ‘>: agar 4, Ue xo d* yr 9-023, ho: . f mo Convert te m 3 hp: 50 Nm [hy 5-1m | Nn. O15 Lip: (b-098 52 2% 4-8 Wp: ab-8hem thn Tower 2 Ae" arm | sb 4 Hctees.| i cegnsn Pop ebig SEH | vel cma a hp. -tHowaltr \ wns [Re oun | hp | Gon (e* TA5-57 walt ay an <. mea Ssuchm apo at? .44 4, oy SSEEN, pile polit te giver. x — Scanned by CamScanner _ - Untt-B ‘ | Bimemtonal Analysis prpisical equations are obtained as a WN no of experinents Aru of obsesving gob. — 4 |> ° be Solved Atl The Heng ering Palen Ore nactheradst Oey. o oe complelety — Zi thar theoaftte aaron: Peblms these kind are erpecta ; uid (ow, heat flow and di4gusional Dperations . e. method % attacktng uch prblms ane evelopment mathematical £gns ~ thre emprical kxpetmentation Q ag: The Passive olvop AP oyera Cirtilar tube depends on The {ten Vartabus. Ly 4 ffow rah © - ee ie aa ni >) Jengtin % the?ptpe ayo * Loc: Regine Asin yt ° Only Patra 2) Diamelx & pipeD Of Ort. W Density gy tlufd P 5) Viscosity of stall b) Pipe Joughner ke ‘the Ab feet Geach fnetfvidual * vaxfables on pa-doop . 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