Forage Production - Crop and Soil Science - Lecture Slides, Slides of Botany and Agronomy

Download Forage Production - Crop and Soil Science - Lecture Slides and more Slides Botany and Agronomy in PDF only on Docsity! Forage Production in South Georgia Docsity.com PASTURES CAN PROVIDE: • INEXPENSIVE HIGH QUALITY FEED IN THE FORM OF GRAZING, HAY OR SILAGE • PASTURES AND HAY CAN SUPPLY ALL THE FEED NEEDS FOR COW-CALF OPERATION • SUPPLY A LARGE AMOUNT OF FEED FOR BEEF STOCKER AND DAIRY HERDS Docsity.com FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN PLANNING A FORAGE SYSTEM • LAND AREA AVAILABLE • LOCATION IN STATE • PRODUCTIVITY OF SOIL • KIND OF LIVESTOCK • AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES • MANAGEMENT OF FORAGE SYSTEM Docsity.com FORAGE QUALITY • REFERS TO THE NUTRITIVE OR FEEDING VALUE OF A FORAGE • AFFECTS THE FORAGE INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY BY THE ANIMAL Docsity.com INDICATORS OF FORAGE QUALITY • TDN-TOTAL DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENTS • CP- CRUDE PROTEIN • NDF- NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER • ADF- ACID DETERGENT FIBER Docsity.com NDF • IS ANALYZED CHEMICALLY AND CONSISTS OF TOTAL FIBER IN THE FORAGE AND RELATES NEGATIVELY TO ANIMAL CONSUMPTION Docsity.com ADF • IS COMPOSED OF MORE INDIGESTIBLE FIBER AND RELATES NEGATIVELY TO DIGESTIBILITY Docsity.com HIGH QUALITY FORAGE • IS MORE READILY CONSUMED • USED MORE EFFICIENTLY • ANIMAL PERFORMANCE IMPROVES AS FORAGE QUALITY IMPROVES • STOCKER NEED A TDN OF 67.5% TO GAIN 2 LBS PER DAY • GOOD MILKING BEEF COWS NEED A TDN OF 57% Docsity.com COOL SEASON VS SUMMER • COOL SEASON ANNUALS PRODUCE HIGHER QUALITY FORAGE • LEGUMES PRODUCE HIGH- QUALITY FEED WITH A HIGHER LEVEL OF PROTEIN • GENERALLY COOL SEASON CROPS ARE HIGHER IN QUALITY THAN WARM SEASON GRASSES OTHER THAN LEGUMES Docsity.com GOAL • MANAGING PASTURES TO UTILIZE YOUNG FORAGE THROUGHOUT THE GRAZING SEASON IMPROVES ANIMAL PERFORMANCE • YOUNG CATTLE NEED QUALITY FORAGE TO MAINTAIN AN ACCEPTABLE RATE OF GAIN Docsity.com THE CARRYING CAPACITY OF A PASTURE IS A FUNCTION OF THE AMOUNT OF FORAGE PRODUCED • FORAGE SPECIES • LEVEL OF INPUTS • MANAGEMENT • WEATHER Docsity.com PASTURE ESTIMATES FOR HORSES • 1 TO 2 ACRES OF PERMANENT PASTURE PLUS ½ ACRE OF WINTER ANNUALS PLUS SUPPLEMENTAL FEED Docsity.com TYPES OF PASTURE • PERMANENT PASTURES- ESTABILISHED IN WARM OR COOL SEASON GRASSES THAT LASTS FOR SEVERAL YEARS • TEMPORARY PASTURES- SEEDED EACH YEAR WITH COOL OR WARM SEASON GRASSES Docsity.com WARM SEASON GRASSES PERENNIAL -HYBRID BERMUDAGRASS -COMMON BERMUDAGRASS -BAHIAGRASS ANNUAL -PEARL MILLET -HYBRID MILLET -SORGHUM X SUDANANGRASS -SUDANGRASS Docsity.com TIFTON 44 • WINTER HARDY • PRODUCES HIGHER QUALITY THAN COASTAL OR ALICIA • YIELDS SIMILAR TO COASTAL AND ALICIA • GROWS EARLIER IN SPRING AND LATER IN FALL Docsity.com TIFTON 78 • RELEASED IN 1984 • IN TESTS PRODUCED 25% MORE DRY MATTER • 7% HIGHER IN DIGESTIBILITY • NOT AS WINTER HARDY • STANDS HAVE NOT BEEN PERSISTENT Docsity.com TIFTON 85 • RELEASED IN 1992 • LARGER STEMS, BROADER LEAVES AND DARKER COLOR • PRODUCES 26% MORE FORAGE THAN COASTAL • 11% MORE DIGESTIBLE • PRODUCES MORE LIVE-WEIGH GAIN PER ACRE Docsity.com BAHIAGRASS • PENSACOLA- USE ON POORER SOILS • TIFTON-9 – HIGHER YIELDING • ARGENTINE- NOT AS FROST TOLERANT, USE ON POOR DRAINED SOIL • COMMON- LOWER YIELDS Docsity.com WARM ANNUALS • HIGH YIELDING • RESPOND TO GRAZING MANAGEMENT • HYBRIDS PRODUCE HIGHER YIELDS • HARD TO MANAGE FOR LEVEL GRAZING- NOT ENOUGH ONE DAY AND TOO MUCH THE NEXT DAY Docsity.com WINTER ANNUALS • RYE, OATS, WHEAT, RYE GRASS • PRODUCES HIGH QUALITY FORAGE • CAN GET GOOD GAINS FROM STOCKER CATTLE • CAN CUT DOWN ON HAY AND PROTEIN NEEDS FOR WINTER Docsity.com HYBRID BERMUDAGRASSES HAY- 80-100 LBS N/ ACRE AND 60-100 LBS PER CUTTING- P AND K ACCORDING TO SOIL TEST BAHIAGRARSS- APPLY 100-200 LBS N PER ACRE IN SPLIT APPLICATIONS - P AND K ACCORDING TO SOIL TEST WINTER ANNUALS- UP TO 150 LBS N IN SPLIT APPLICATIONS- RYEGRASS MAY NEED AN EXTRA APPLICATION OF 40-60 LBS N LATER - P AND K ACCORDING TO SOIL TEST Docsity.com GRAZING MANAGEMENT • CONTINUOUS- CATTLE STAY ON THE PASTURE FOR EXTENDED TIME • ROTATIONAL- LARGE PASTURES ARE DIVIDED UP INTO SMALLER UNITS- WHEN CATTLE GRAZE ONE UNIT DOWN THEY ARE MOVED TO ANOTHER Docsity.com PASTURE MANAGEMENT • PROTECT FROM EROSION • CONTROL WEEDS • ESTABLISH A SYSTEM THAT WORKS FOR YOU • HARVEST AND STORE EXCESS FORAGE • USE A CAREFULLY- PLANNED FERTILIZATION PROGRAM • SPREAD ANIMAL DROPPINGS • BURN PASTURE IN EARLY SPRING IF NOT OVER- SEEDED Docsity.com