forensic final exam flash cards | BIOL 245 - Introduction Forensic Science, Quizzes of Biology

Download forensic final exam flash cards | BIOL 245 - Introduction Forensic Science and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Fingerprint ridges are surface reflections of the ________ (specific skin structural feature). DEFINITION 1 Dermal papillae TERM 2 In humans, genes are positioned along fiber- like strands known as _______ DEFINITION 2 chromosomes TERM 3 In some state courts, for a positive identification, ____fingerprint points must match, out of a total of ___ (# of minutiae per print). DEFINITION 3 8-16 150 TERM 4 To develop fingerprints on a mirror surface, one should use ____ because _____ DEFINITION 4 Gray Powder Mirrors photograph black TERM 5 Two methods for developing latent fingerprints on absorbent surfaces are _____ and _____ DEFINITION 5 ninhydrin iodine fuming TERM 6 Two methods for developing latent fingerprints on non-absorbent surfaces are ___ and _____ DEFINITION 6 Powders cyanoacrylate fuming TERM 7 The most definitive way to demonstrate that a sexual assault has taken place is to identify the presence of ____ DEFINITION 7 sperm cells TERM 8 Three organs that contribute to the composition of seminal fluid are _____,______, and ________ DEFINITION 8 bulbo-urethral gland prostate gland seminal vesicle TERM 9 A colorimetric test for the ___ produced by the ____ can be used as a presumptive test for seminal fluid. DEFINITION 9 enzyme phosphatase (it is an enzyme) prostate gland TERM 10 The Florence Test is a microcrystalline test for ____, which provides presumptive evidence of _____ DEFINITION 10 Chlorine semen TERM 21 DNA fragments were separated in ___ such that, after electrophoresis the fragments that remained closer to the well were known to be ___ compared to the fragments that migrated farther from the well. DEFINITION 21 Agarose gel (type of gel) Farther TERM 22 If a fresh blood sample is found to clump/agglutinate both washed, purified Type A and Type B cells, the fresh bloodsample is Type____ DEFINITION 22 Type O TERM 23 In gel electrophoresis, the driving force for the separation of mixtures of molecules is ____ DEFINITION 23 electrical energy TERM 24 The possible genotypes of the offspring resulting from a mating of a Type AB father and a Type AB mother _________ DEFINITION 24 are AA, AB, BA, BB offspring TERM 25 The structure of DNA requires the pairing of base A to ____ and base C to ____ DEFINITION 25 A to T C to G TERM 26 A newspaper profile of the Unabomber suspect referred to him as a most intelligent criminal who knew how to taken avoid detection because he did not lick the stamps he used on his mail bombs. Explain this statement DEFINITION 26 . Since the Unabomber did not lick the stamp there was no saliva on the stamp which means that DNA could not be from the back of the stamp. TERM 27 If the probe/primer used in a forensic PCR analysis had the base sequence G-T-C-T-C-C- T-T-C-A-G- the sequence of theDNA sample to which it would bind is ____ DEFINITION 27 C-A-G-A-G-G-A-A-G-T-C TERM 28 The National DNA Database is maintained by _____ DEFINITION 28 FBI TERM 29 Forensic investigators would search for a cold hit match in CODIS when__________________________________________ DEFINITION 29 there are no suspects but there is biological evidence at the crime scene TERM 30 Possible genotypes for a person who is blood type A are ___ and ___. This persons phenotype is _______.__________ DEFINITION 30 AA and AO Blood Type A TERM 31 Genotypes for the MN blood typing system are easy to obtain because the alleles are ______. DEFINITION 31 codominant TERM 32 The products of the genes of the MN and Rh blood typing systems are_________________________ DEFINITION 32 genes code for membrane proteins found in the surface of red blood cells. The MN and Rh genes code for membrane proteins found in the surface of red blood cells. TERM 33 The product of the Type A allele is ___ or ____ DEFINITION 33 AA or AO TERM 34 The four nucleotide building blocks of DNA are ___,___,____ and ____. DEFINITION 34 Adenylic acid, Guanylic acid, Cytidylic acid, Thymidylic acid TERM 35 Briefly describe the structure of the hereditary molecule that governs each individuals characteristics: ________. DEFINITION 35 The structure of a DNA molecule is a sugar and phosphate backbone and a nitrogen containing bases that connect the two strands with nucleotides. The shape of the polymer is a double helix. Hydrogen bonds between the bases to keep the strands together. TERM 46 Define: STR Multiplexing DEFINITION 46 a technique that simultaneously amplifies and detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis TERM 47 Define: Allelic Ladder DEFINITION 47 contains every known allele for each forensic locus TERM 48 In the analysis of the blood collected at the murder scene of Nicole Simpson and Ron Goldman, the following blood factors were identified: Blood Factor Frequency in the African American Population A 26% EsD 1 85% PGM 2+2- 2% What is the expected frequency of this combination of blood factors among the African American population? Show your calculations. DEFINITION 48 0.26 x 0.85 x 0.02 = 0.00442 TERM 49 A fresh blood sample of blood type O would agglutinate purified blood cells of type ___ and ___.______ DEFINITION 49 type A and B TERM 50 The proper storage of suspected seminal stains from a sexual assault crime scene is ______. DEFINITION 50 first drying it out of the sun and then putting it in sterile paper bag to prevent microbial growth. TERM 51 Blood stained evidence from a crime scene should be kept out of direct sunlight because (be specific)______. DEFINITION 51 the DNA degrades in sunlight. TERM 52 Forensic DNA markers must be inherited independently of each other because __________. DEFINITION 52 Independent inheritance allows application of the product rule for multiplication of allele frequencies. TERM 53 In forensic analysis, multiplexing means __________________. DEFINITION 53 a technique that simultaneously amplifies and detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis. TERM 54 In forensic STR DNA analysis, the forensic alleles are separated according to the number of times the STR repeats and________. DEFINITION 54 thus, according to length. TERM 55 Four specific CODIS loci are ____ ,_____ ,____ and ____ . DEFINITION 55 FGA TH01 TPOX vWA TERM 56 Two requirements for the function of the enzyme, DNA polymerase, ___________. DEFINITION 56 are proteins and enzymes to keep the strands apart and free nucleotides to the new strand of DNA TERM 57 A man of blood type B is being sued for child support by a woman of blood type O. The child is blood type O.The man denies paternity, however, a DNA profile shows that he is the father. Provide the genotypes of each parent and the child. ? OO OB BO DEFINITION 57 Father BB, BO Mother OO Child OB TERM 58 The repeat size for forensic STR markers is _________ (give units). DEFINITION 58 4 bp repeats TERM 59 A fresh blood sample of blood type A would agglutinate purified blood cells of type _____because ________. DEFINITION 59 O XX Agglutination is caused by specific antibodies binding to the surfaces of the red blood cells. TERM 60 The distinguishing characteristics of a fingerprint radial loop are if it___________________ DEFINITION 60 opens toward the thumbs and one ore more ridges entering from one side of the print and exiting the same side and has only one delta