French basics and grammar, Slides of French

Download French basics and grammar and more Slides French in PDF only on Docsity! Some similarities and differences between french and english SIMILARITIES: ° The alphabets in English and French are the same DIFFERENCES ©The pronunciation is different ln French there are accents (/, \, *, ..), which are special markings on the vowels that are primarily used to alter the sound and for other purposes. © Unlike in English all nouns in French, whether people or things, have gender (with some exceptions) ©The formal and informal way of speaking ° Note: It is important that when you learn a new noun you should learn its gender as well. The French subject pronouns Je =| {| 1s per. sing. Tu = you [] 2d per. sing. il = he/it 3rd pér. sing Elle = she/it Nous = we [] 1s per. plu. Vous = you [] 2" per. plu. ils they 3rd per. Plu., Elles = they T on = we, someone Formal introductions © Comment vous appelez-vous? = what is your name? © Je m’appelle © Mon nom est ©° Comment allez-vous ? = how are you? ©je vais bien, merci = 1am fine, thank you More introductory expressions * Quel age avez-vous? (formal) * Quel age as-tu ? (informal) w old are you? * J'ai ...(number)..... ans. —_lam,... years old * OU habitez-vous? (formal) * OU habites-tu ?(informal) [where do you live? * Jhabite aw... = Illivein........... es A bientét = see you soon : A demain = see you tomorrow A plus tard = see you later A la prochaine = until we meet next Bon anniversaire = happy birthday Bonne chance = good luck Bon courage = cheer up Bon voyage = happy journey Bonne route = have a Safe journey Bon année = happy new year Joyeux Noél = happy/merry christmas Félicitations = congratulations Le pére = father La mére = mother Le fils= son La fille = daughter/girl Le frére = brother La sceur = sister Le cousin = cousin(m) La cousine = cousin(f) L’oncle = uncle La tante = aunt Le grand-pére = grand father La grand-mére= grand mother Les grands-parents = grand parents Merci = thank you Merci beaucoup = thank you very much S'il vous plait = please De rien = you are welcome Excusez moi = excuse me Bon appétit = enjoy your meal Je suis désolé =I am sorry Je ne sais pas =i don’t know Useful expressions for class room Puis j’entrer monsieur? = may | enter sir? Est ce que je peux entrer,monsieur? Répétez s'il vous plait = repeat please. Puis j’aller aux toilettes? = may | go to the bathroom? Donnez moi = give me Puis je boire de l’eau? = may | drink some water? Oui = yes = no ome importa Qui est-ce? = Who is this?/who are these Qu’est-ce-que c’est? = what is this ?/ what are these Que/ qu’est ce que = what Qui = who Comment = how / what Ou = where Quand Pourquoi Combien de/d’ how much / how many Quel / quelle which / what Quoi = what Pére father Mére mother Soeur sister Frere brother Oncle uncle Tante aunt Cousin cousin Grand-pére = grand father Grand-mére = grand mother eLe fils = the son eLa fille the daughter eLes parents = the parents eLes grands-parents = the grand parents Some (pt expressions * C’est= this is / that is / it is * Cen’est pas = _ this is not/ that is not / it is not * Ce sont= these are / those are * Cenesontpas- = these are not/ those are not * Ilya = there is/ there are - Iln’y a pas = there is not * Ya-t-il? = is there / are there ? * Voila = there /there you are/ there it is * Voici = here / here it is etc...... * Moi * Toi You * Et = and = me ° Maison (f) = © Ecole (f) = © Eglise (f) = © Banque (f) © Poste (f) = © Musée © Voiture © Train © Bateau © Avion ( © Vélo (m) (f) = (m) m) m) ) ~32.% m) More voca house school church = bank post office = museum car = bus = train = boat aeroplane = bicycle motorbike Les articles Les articles définis (definite articles): O Le (m) QO La (f) O Les (pl) QL’ (for words beginning with vowel & silent “h”) Ex: The book livre Le The pens = stylos| ac The plane = avion L The pouch trousse , Les articles indéfinis (indefinite articles): Un (m) a,an Une (f) an Des [] so Ex: a pouch trousse a book livre un pens stylosyo. a plane AVION un Les adjectifs (ADJECTIVES) © In French adjectives have 4 forms, they are, 1.masculine singular (ms), 2. feminine singular (fs), 3. masculine plural (mp) and 4. feminine plural (fp) © This is because the adjectives agree with the gender and number of the noun it qualifies Les adjectifs qualificatifs In French the adjective varies according to the gender (M or F) and number(singular or plural) of the noun it qualifies. M F © Petit(s) petite(s) = small © Grand(s) grande(s) = big/tall © Amusant amusante = _ funny/amusing © Dréle drdéle = funny © Joli(s) jolie(s) = pretty © Fort(s) forte(s) = strong © Faible(s) faible(s) = weak © Beau(x) belle(s) = handsome/beautiful © Laid(s) laide(s) = ugly © Gentil(s) gentille(s) nice/pleasant/kind/gentle ybbbay M F Gros grosse(s) = fat Mince(s) mince(s) thin/slim Content(s) contente(s) = happy/glad Mécontent(s) mécontente(s) = unhappy Méchant (s) méchante (s) = naughty Intelligent (Ss) intelligente (s) = intelligent Fou (s) folle(s) = fool/mad/crazy Etudiant(s) étudiante(s) = student Note : the « s » in the bracket stands for plural Translate these sentences | ====.=s—=—= “etre” and adjectives © He is strong and tall Il est fort et ° grand fat and small elle est grosse et petite © They are intelligent Ils sont intelligents © We are students. Nous sommes etudiants © You are naughty. Tu es méchant ° In French professions also have Let’s learn some French professions: ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ME L'instituteur L’institutrice = teacher L’'acteur l’actrice = actor Le musicien la musicienne = musician Le danseur ladanseuse = dancer Le chanteur la chanteuse = singer Le directeur ladirectrice = Principal/Director Homme d’affairesFemme d'affaires = businessman Femme de foyer = house wife Le médecin » = doctor L’ingénieur » = engineer Le professeur » = professor Le Chauffeur » = driver Le pilote » = pilot © My = mon(m) ma(f) mes(pl) ©E.g. Mon pére ma meéremes parents Note : in French the indefis used in front of professions Traduisez : Olam a pilot > Je suis pilote © He is a singer > Il est chanteur © She is a danser Helle est danseuse © My father is an engineer Omon pere est ingénieur © My mother is a house wife ° 4 ma mere est femme de foyer LES VERBES ©ln French the verbs are divided into 2 groups namely “regular” and “irregular” verbs. © Regular verbs are those verbs that follow a regular pattern of conjugation and irregular verbs are those verbs that do not follow any pattern, they are all different. ©The regular verbs are again divided into 3 groups based on their endings. ©They are: verbs ending in ER, ending in IR and verbs ending in RE . Example : Parler, Finir, Vendre CAI regular verb conjugations have a beginning part and a ending part LA CONJUGAISON DES VERBES BU présent (verb conjugation of 1st group (-er) verbs in present tense) for example let us take the verb « Parler » The following are the steps for conjugation: 4 1- remove the ending (ER) from the verb Parler {] parl (radical / stem) #2 add the endings e, es, e, ons, ez ,ent respectively to the subject pronouns Je =| Ju= you v= he Elle= she WNous= we Wous = you VIs= they Elles = they LA CONJUGAISON DES VERBES DU 2eme GROUPE (-IR)au présent (Verb conjugation of 2nd group verbs in present tense) ©For example let us take the verb “Finir” ©The following are the steps for conjugation: °#1- remove the ending « ' » from the verb ©Finir {] fin (radical/stem) ©°#2 add the endings: is, is, it, issons, issez and issent And we get the following conjugation Je finis = | finish ©Tu finis = you finish O|l/elle finit = he / she finishes ©Nous finissons = we finish ©Vous finissez= you finish Olls/elles finissent= they finish ©And all the verbs belonging to this group(-ir) can be conjugated in this manner LA CONJUGAISON DES VERBES DU 3eme GROUPE (-RE)au présent (Verb conjugation of 3rd_ group verbs in present tense) © Most of the 3rd group verbs are irregular however, a few of them can be considered as regular. They are: And we get the following conjugation Vendre je vends ©Tu vends ©ll/elle vend ©Nous vendons ©Vous vendez ©|ls/elles vendent And all the verbs belonging to this group(- re) can be conjugated in this manner Conjuguez les verbes © Attendre © Répondre © Remember most of the 3 group verbs have irregular conjugations and have to be learnt individually, you could however find your own way of making a pattern for conjugation when you learn the verbs. Ou