Download Function of operating system and more Lecture notes Operating Systems in PDF only on Docsity! Lecture #2 Functions of Operating System: Memory Management Memory management refers to management of Primary Memory or Main Memory. Main memory is a large array of words or bytes where each word or byte has its own address. Main memory provides a fast storage that can be accessed directly by the CPU. For a program to be executed, it must in the main memory. An Operating System does the following activities for memory management — * Keeps tracks of primary memory, i.e., what part of it are in use by whom, what part are not in use. ¢ In multiprogramming, the OS decides which process will get memory when and how much. * Allocates the memory when a process requests it to do so. * De-allocates the memory when a process no longer needs it or has been terminated. Process Management In multiprogramming environment, the OS decides which process gets the processor when and for how much time. This function is called process scheduling. An Operating System does the following activities for processor management - * Keeps tracks of processor and status of process. The program responsible for this task is known as traffic controller. * Allocates the processor (CPU) to a process. * De-allocates processor when a process is no longer required. Device Management An Operating System manages device communication via their respective drivers. It does the following activities for device management -— * Keeps tracks of all devices. Program responsible for this task is known as the I/O controller. * Decides which process gets the device when and for how much time. * Allocates the device in the efficient way. * De-allocates devices. File Management A file system is normally organized into directories for easy navigation and usage. These directories may contain files and other directions. An Operating System does the following activities for file management — Keeps track of information, location, uses, status etc. The collective facilities are often known as file system. Decides who gets the resources. Allocates the resources. De-allocates the resources. Secondary-Storage Management Since main memory (primary storage) is volatile and too small to accommodate all data and programs permanently, the computer system must provide secondary storage to back up main memory. Most modern computer systems use disks as the principle on-line storage medium, for both programs and data. The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with disk management: + Free space management + Storage allocation + Disk scheduling Networking (Distributed Systems) ¢ A distributed system is a collection processor that do not share memory or a clock. Each processor has its own local memory. ¢ The processors in the system are connected through a communication network. ¢# Communication takes place using a protocol. ¢ A distributed system provides user access to various system resources. # Access to a shared resource allows: + Computation speed-up, + Increased data availability, ¢ Enhanced reliability Other Important Activities Following are some of the important activities that an Operating System performs — * Security - By means of password and similar other techniques, it prevents unauthorized access to programs and data. * Control over system performance - Recording delays between request for a service and response from the system. *¢ Job accounting - Keeping track of time and resources used by various jobs and users. ¢ Error detecting aids- Production of dumps, traces, error messages, and other debugging and error detecting aids. * Coordination between other softwares and users - Coordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters, assemblers and other software to the various users of the computer systems.
