Fundamentals of General Physics Laboratory | PHY 211, Lab Reports of Physics

Download Fundamentals of General Physics Laboratory | PHY 211 and more Lab Reports Physics in PDF only on Docsity! Phy211: General Physics I 1 Instructor: Tony Zable Phy 211: Fundamentals of Physics Laboratory The laboratory portion of the Phy 211 course represents 30% of the total class grade. The laboratory work will evaluated based on the following criteria: A. Weekly Lab Assignments (5 pts): Each week students will be given an experimental exercise worth 10 points each. Students are required to complete 9 of the 10 assignments. Satisfactory completion of a lab assignment will include: 1. completed preliminary questions 2. completed data table(s) 3. appropriate analysis of experimental data, including appropriate error analysis 4. thoughtful answers to all questions posed in the experiment packet. Lab assignments are due 1 week following completion of the experiment, at the beginning of the lab period. It is expected that all preliminary questions will be completed (or at least attempted) before the lab session begins. B. Laboratory Summary (Write-up) Format: (5 pts) In addition to the satisfactory completion of the in-class lab exercise, a one-to-two page typewritten summary sheet is required to be turned in with each completed experiment (stapled to the front of the lab packet). The summary sheet should contain the following elements: Title of the Experiment Objective(s)  1 or 2 sentences describing the ultimate goal(s) of the experiment/exercise Concept Theory (2 pts)  Description of the physics to be tested or utilized in the experiment. This section will also hold the underlying equations used to obtain your final results. Result(s) (1 pt)  The final result(s) obtained from the experiment. This section should be very short but should include appropriate analysis of experimental error/uncertainty. Summary Paragraph (containing concluding remarks) (2 pts)  Describe what you learned from the experiment  Include appropriate procedural comments as well as explanation and justification of experimental error.  Discussion of graphs, etc.  Discuss concepts that may still confuse you after the experiment was completed Phy211: General Physics I 2 Instructor: Tony Zable Notes: 1. Completed lab packets and write-ups are due at the end of each lab session. 2. Attendance during lab sessions is mandatory. 3. 9 of 10 labs are required. The additional lab may be turned in for extra credit. 4. Missing lab assignments cannot be made up without approval from the lab instructor. 5. Bring a lab notebook to lab sessions. Record all data and notes during lab experiment in the lab notebook before filling out your lab packet (in case you need to retake some of your data or recalculate a value). The instructor will not accept a sloppy lab packet. 6. All lab material is “fair game” for in-class exams, even if lab packets have not been handed back. Be sure you keep adequate lab notes in your lab notebook. Phy211: General Physics I 5 Instructor: Tony Zable Student Name Class Date Sample Laboratory Write-Up: Archimedes’ Principle Objective: Perform an experiment to study the buoyant force acting on an object and determine the density of water. Theory: Archimedes’ Principle states that the buoyant force (FB) that a liquid exerts on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid the object displaces. The following formula shows the relationship. FB = mfluid * g = (fluid * V)*g, where ρfluid is the density of the water in kg/m3. We will hang a plumb bob from a force sensor and submerge the bob in a graduated container of water, recording the force sensor value and the volume of water displaced by the bob. The force sensor (FS) will measure the net hanging force. When the bob was not in the water, this value is equal to m*g. When the bob is submerged in the water, the sensor measures the weight of the bob less the buoyant force. The relationship between the force sensor measurement, the weight of the bob, and the weight of the displaced water is given by the following:   gVmgF fluids   . By lowering the bob into the water a little at time and recording the sensor value and the volume of water displaced, we can plot the force sensor value (FS) vs. the volume of water displaced that will yield a slope of ρfluid*g. The slope of the graph will allow us to determine the density of the water. The experiment will be repeated with a known quantity of salt added to the water Analysis/Results: Our calculated density values for the water and the salt water were 987± 54 kg/m3 and 1,111± 31 kg/m3 respectively. The % error for the density of the water was 1.3%. Based on the above experimental values, it is estimated that 10.5 ± 1.2 grams of salt were added to prepare the salt-water solution. The measured mass of added salt was 9.1 grams yielding a % error of 12.5%. Summary: To determine the density values in this experiment, the measured force and volume values were entered into an Excel spreadsheet for analysis. For both data sets, the graph of force vs. volume was linear. The slope of the graph was calculated and density was determined by dividing the slope value by g. The graphs and data tables are shown on the following pages. To determine the mass of added salt, we measured the volume of water in the container before and after adding the salt. Then we calculated the mass of the water and salt water using our calculated water densities. The difference of the two masses, 10.4 grams, is the calculated mass of the salt added. By taking careful and accurate measurements I learned that the density of a liquid can be calculated fairly accurately by applying Archimedes’ Principle. Phy211: General Physics I 6 Instructor: Tony Zable Data Tables & Graphs Pure Water Volume (ml) V displaced (mL) V displaced (m3) Fs (N) Test 1 60 2 0.000002 1.38 Test 2 62 4 0.000004 1.35 Test 3 65 7 0.000007 1.33 Test 4 68.5 10.5 0.0000105 1.31 Test 5 70 12 0.000012 1.28 Test 6 74 16 0.000016 1.24 Test 7 76 18 0.000018 1.22 m*g bob 1.39 V initial 58 5.80E-05 Salt Water Volume (mL) V displaced (mL) V displaced (m3) Fs (N) Test 1 66.2 5.2 0.0000052 1.35 Test 2 68 7 0.000007 1.33 Test 3 71 10 0.00001 1.29 Test 4 72 11 0.000011 1.28 Test 5 75 14 0.000014 1.25 Test 6 76 15 0.000015 1.24 Test 7 80 19 0.000019 1.20 m*g bob 1.39 V initial 61 6.10E-05