Pharmacology of Commonly Prescribed Medications, Exams of Pharmacology

Download Pharmacology of Commonly Prescribed Medications and more Exams Pharmacology in PDF only on Docsity! Galen College ADN Pharmacology Exam 3 (2022- 2024) Latest Update. 1. Loop Diuretic (name and indication) - Correct answer Furosemide, Peripheral Edema 2. Loop Diuretic (Furosemide) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Nausea, dizziness, electrolyte imbalance, muscle cramping, blurred vision; Hypokalemia, orthostatic hypotension, hyperglycemia, hearing loss 3. Loop Diuretic (Furosemide) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Monitor electrolyte status, educate on s/s of hypokalemia, hyperglycemia. Contraindicated in patients with sulfa allergy. Caution with diabetic patients, HF patients, hearing impaired 4. Potassium Sparing Diuretic (name and indication) - Correct answer Spironolactone, Edema 5. Potassium Sparing Diuretic (Spironolactone) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Headache, muscle cramps, weakness, dizziness, GI discomfort; Pulmonary Edema, 6. Hypertension, HF, ascites 7. Potassium Sparing Diuretic (Spironolactone) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Monitor serum potassium, teach patient s/s of hyperkalemia. Contraindicated in patients with liver disease and renal dysfunction 8. Thiazide Diuretic (name and indication) - Correct answer Hydrochlorothiazide, Hypertension 9. Thiazide Diuretic (Hydrochlorothiazide) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Dizziness, headache, weakness, photosensitivity, muscle cramps; Orthostatic hypotension, severe hypokalemia, hypernatremia 10.Thiazide Diuretic (Hydrochlorothiazide) Considerations/ Contraindications - Correct answer Monitor serum potassium level, Monitor liver and renal function. Contraindicated for patients with DM, and hex of hypotension 11.Osmotic Diuretic (name and indication) - Correct answer Manito, Cerebral Edema/ Intracranial Pressure 12.Osmotic Diuretic (Manito) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Headache, blurred vision, dry mouth electrolyte imbalance; Pulmonary edema, blood pressure, 13.Renal failure P a g e 1 | 9 14.Osmotic Diuretic (Manito) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Use extreme caution in HF patients. Monitor I & O for therapeutic response, Monitor vital signs for therapeutic response 15.Alpha Adrenergic Blocker (name and indication) - Correct answer Proposing, Hypertension 16.Alpha Adrenergic Blocker (Proposing) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Dizziness, blurred vision, headache, weakness, tinnitus; Orthostatic hypotension 17.Palpitations, elevated liver enzymes 18.Alpha Adrenergic Blocker (Proposing) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Teach patient to change positions slowly, monitor liver enzymes, monitor I & O and edema in lower extremities. Teach patient importance of checking BP at home and daily weights. 19.Calcium Channel Blocker (name and indication) - Correct answer Amlodipine, Hypertension 20.Calcium Channel Blocker (Amlodipine) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Dizziness, headache, weakness, flushing and peripheral edema; Severe hypotension, MI Death, reflex tachycardia 21.Calcium Channel Blocker (Amlodipine) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Monitor vital signs, instruct patient to change positions slowly. 22.Cardiac Selective Beta Blocker (name/indication) - Correct answer Metoprolol, Hypertension 23.Cardiac Selective Beta Blocker (Metoprolol) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headache, blurred vision; Bradycardia, hypotension, stroke, thrombocytopenia, DM 24.Cardiac Selective Beta Blocker (Metoprolol) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Contraindicated in Heart block, hypotension, Acute HF and bradycardia. 25.African American benefit from dual therapy with a diuretic and beta blocker combined. 26.Nonselective Beta Blocker (name/indication) - Correct answer Propranolol, Hypertension 27.Nonselective Beta Blocker (Propranolol) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Dizziness, 28.Visual disturbances; Bradycardia, hyperkalemia, seizure, agitation P a g e 2 | 9 58.Antitussive (Dextromethorphan Hydro bromide) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, ataxia; 59.Psychosis, respiratory depression 60.Antitussive (Dextromethorphan Hydro bromide) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Use caution in patients with asthma, and HF 61.Expectorant (name/indication) - Correct answer Guaifenesin; 62.Expectorant 63.Expectorant (Guaifenesin) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Dizziness, drowsiness, irritability; 64.Psychosis, respiratory depression 65.Expectorant (Guaifenesin) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Teach patients to increase fluids up to 8 glasses of H20 per day to help loosen secretions. Educate patients on the use of OTC and self-medicating. Teach patients to notify MD if symptoms worsen. 66.Glucocorticoid Intranasal (Name/indication) - Correct answer Fluticasone; 67.Used for allergic rhinitis with an anti-inflammatory action. Sneezing, congestion 68.Glucocorticoid Intranasal (Fluticasone) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Headache, epistaxis, GI distress; 69.Dystonia, candidiasis 70.Glucocorticoid Intranasal (Fluticasone) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Teach patients to use to 1 spray daily. 71.Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist-Bronchodilator (name/indication) - Correct answer Albuterol; 72.Asthma 73.Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist-Bronchodilator (Albuterol) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Nervousness, tremors, increased heart rate; 74.Tachycardia, hypertension, hyperglycemia 75.Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist-Bronchodilator (Albuterol) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Caution in patients with cardiac dysfunction, diabetes, anxiety, and hyperthyroidism 76.Educate patient on how to properly use MDI. 77.Anticholinergic (name/indication) - Correct answer Tiotropium; 78.Used for the maintenance treatment of bronchospasm in patients with COPD P a g e 5 | 9 79.Anticholinergic (Tiotropium) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Dry mouth, constipations, dyspepsia, urinary retention; 80.Angioedema, hyperglycemia, chest pain 81.Anticholinergic (Tiotropium) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Caution in patients with lactose intolerance, glaucoma, renal impairment. 82.Glucocorticoid & Beta Agonist (name/indication) - Correct answer Fluticasone, Propionate, and Salmeterol; 83.Used for Asthma and COPD to decrease inflammation and constriction in the lungs 84.Glucocorticoid & Beta Agonist 85.SE/Adverse - Correct answer Headache, nausea, vomiting; 86.Musculoskeletal pain, oral infections 87.Glucocorticoid & Beta Agonist 88.Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Teach patients how to take this medication, teach patients to perform good oral care after each use. 89.Leukotriene Modifier (name/indication) - Correct answer Montelukast; 90.Used for asthma, allergic rhinitis. Used for exercise induced bronchospasm 91.Leukotriene Modifier (Montelukast) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Headache, dizziness, drowsiness, restlessness, insomnia; 92.Suicidal ideations, 93.Aggression 94.Leukotriene Modifier (Montelukast) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer contraindicated in hepatic disease, depression, alcoholism 95.Thyroid Replacement (name/indication) - Correct answer Levothyroxine; 96.Hypothyroidism 97.Thyroid Replacement (Levothyroxine) SE/Adverse - Correct answer GI upset, nervousness, tremors, irritability; 98.Tachycardia, palpitations, seizures 99.Thyroid Replacement (Levothyroxine) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Teach patients to monitor for signs of hyperthyroidism, teach patient to take on an empty stomach 30 mines. Before breakfast. Teach patient about drug to drug interactions with antidiuretic, and anticoagulant therapy 100. Ant thyroid (name/indication) - Correct answer Propylthiouracil P a g e 6 | 9 101. Hyperthyroidism 102. Ant thyroid (Propylthiouracil) SE/Adverse - Correct answer GI upset, headache, dizziness; 103. Fever, sore throat, flu like symptoms, bruising or bleeding 104. Ant thyroid (Propylthiouracil) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Monitor liver function for hepatotoxicity. 105. Vitamin D Analogue (name/indication) - Correct answer Clairol; Hypocalcaemia, parathyroid disorder 106. Vitamin D Analogue (Clairol) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Hyperkalemia, fatigue, weakness, GI distress; 107. Anorexia, photophobia, dehydration 108. Vitamin D Analogue (Clairol) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Contraindicated in renal failure and cardiovascular disease. Monitor calcium level for therapeutic effect 109. Glucocorticoid (name/indication) - Correct answer Prednisone; Adrenal Insufficiency 110. Glucocorticoid (Prednisone) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Fluid and sodium retention, GI upset, mood changes, flushing, increased appetite; 111. Increased blood glucose levels, cardiac dysfunction, GI bleed 112. Glucocorticoid (Prednisone) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer contraindicated in patients with DM, renal dysfunction, MI, seizures. Long term use can lead to immune suppression and inflammatory response. Monitor blood glucose levels, weights and Cushing's syndrome 113. Mineralocorticoid (name/indication) - Correct answer Fludrocortisone; given to supplement corticoids to help treat Addison's disease 114. Mineralocorticoid (Fludrocortisone) SE/Adverse - Correct answer Weakness, anorexia; 115. Hypokalemia 116. Mineralocorticoid (Fludrocortisone) Considerations/Contraindications - Correct answer Monitor patients with cardiac disease. Educate patients on dietary considerations and encourage food high in potassium 117. Short Acting Insulin - Correct answer Regular (sliding scale insulin) P a g e 7 | 9