(GCU) NRS-445 NURSING RESEARCH & EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE FINAL EXAM GUIDE Q & A 2024, Exams of Nursing

Download (GCU) NRS-445 NURSING RESEARCH & EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE FINAL EXAM GUIDE Q & A 2024 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NRS – 445 Nursing Research & Evidence Based Practice Final Exam Guide Q & A 2024 1. Which of the following best describes quantitative research methodology? A. Focuses on understanding human behavior through detailed narrative analysis. B. Uses statistical analysis to measure variables and draw generalizable conclusions. C. Relies on in-depth interviews to explore subjective experiences. D. Seeks to uncover the meaning and context of individuals' experiences. Answer: B. Uses statistical analysis to measure variables and draw generalizable conclusions. Rationale: Quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to draw conclusions about relationships between variables. 2. What is the primary goal of qualitative research methodology? A. To establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables. B. To explore subjective experiences and meanings. C. To generalize findings to a larger population. D. To measure variables using statistical analysis. Answer: B. To explore subjective experiences and meanings. Rationale: Qualitative research focuses on understanding individuals' experiences and the meanings they assign to them. 3. How are research questions typically formulated in quantitative research studies? A. Broad and open-ended to allow for exploration of diverse perspectives. B. Narrow and focused to test specific hypotheses. D. Constant comparative analysis. Answer: C. Descriptive statistics. Rationale: Descriptive statistics are typically used in quantitative research to summarize and analyze numerical data. 9. How are findings typically presented in qualitative research? A. Through statistical analysis of numerical data. B. In tables and graphs to show relationships between variables. C. Through rich descriptions and quotes from participants. D. Using inferential statistical tests to draw conclusions. Answer: C. Through rich descriptions and quotes from participants. Rationale: Qualitative research findings are often presented through detailed descriptions and quotes from participants to convey the richness of their experiences. 10. Which of the following best describes the concept of saturation in qualitative research? A. The point at which no new information or themes are emerging from the data. B. The process of developing clear research questions for the study. C. The inclusion of all available data sources in the analysis. D. The use of multiple data collection methods to triangulate findings. Answer: A. The point at which no new information or themes are emerging from the data. Rationale: Saturation in qualitative research refers to the point at which data collection is complete because no new information or themes are emerging. 11. How are research findings typically validated in quantitative research? A. Through member checking. B. Through inter-rater reliability. C. Through statistical tests and significance levels. D. Through qualitative coding and thematic analysis. Answer: C. Through statistical tests and significance levels. Rationale: Quantitative research findings are typically validated through statistical analysis, including tests of significance to determine the strength and direction of relationships between variables. 12. In qualitative research, what is the role of member checking? A. Validating research findings through statistical analysis. B. Including representative participants in the sample. C. Having participants review and provide feedback on the findings. D. Using multiple data collection methods to triangulate findings. Answer: C. Having participants review and provide feedback on the findings. Rationale: Member checking in qualitative research involves having participants review and provide feedback on the research findings to ensure accuracy and credibility. 13. Which of the following is a key ethical consideration in research involving human participants? A. Using deception to ensure unbiased responses. B. Ensuring voluntary informed consent. C. Excluding participants from the research process. D. Reporting findings without consideration for participant confidentiality. Answer: B. Ensuring voluntary informed consent. Rationale: In research involving human participants, it is essential to obtain voluntary informed consent to ensure participants are fully aware of what their involvement in the study entails. 14. How are theories typically used in research studies? A. To support and guide the research process. B. To exclude participants with conflicting viewpoints. C. To limit the scope of the study. D. To generalize findings to other populations. Answer: A. To support and guide the research process. Rationale: Theories are used in research studies to provide a framework for understanding the phenomenon being studied and guide the research process. 15. Which of the following is an example of a qualitative research design? A. Case-control study. B. Randomized controlled trial. C. Ethnography. D. Meta-analysis. Answer: C. Ethnography. Rationale: Ethnography is a qualitative research design that involves studying a particular culture or group in their natural environment to gain insights into their beliefs, practices, and experiences. 16. What is the purpose of a literature review in research studies? A. To exclude conflicting viewpoints. Answer: C. Correlation analysis. Rationale: Correlation analysis in quantitative research is used to measure the strength and direction of relationships between variables. 22. How can validity be established in qualitative research? A. By excluding diverse perspectives. B. By conducting member checking with only a select few participants. C. By triangulating data from multiple sources. D. By conducting statistical tests and significance levels. Answer: C. By triangulating data from multiple sources. Rationale: In qualitative research, validity can be established by triangulating data from multiple sources to confirm or validate the findings. 23. Why is it important to critically review research studies in clinical practice? A. To exclude conflicting viewpoints. B. To limit the scope of the study. C. To inform evidence-based practice and improve patient outcomes. D. To prevent publication bias. Answer: C. To inform evidence-based practice and improve patient outcomes. Rationale: Critical review of research studies in clinical practice is essential to inform evidence-based practice, improve patient outcomes, and ensure interventions are based on the best available evidence. 24. How can transferability be ensured in qualitative research? A. By conducting statistical tests and significance levels. B. By limiting the scope of the study. C. By providing rich descriptions and detailed methodology. D. By excluding diverse perspectives. Answer: C. By providing rich descriptions and detailed methodology. Rationale: Transferability in qualitative research refers to the extent to which findings can be applied to other contexts or settings. Providing rich descriptions and detailed methodology increases the study's transferability. 25. Which of the following is an example of a qualitative research method? A. Meta-analysis. B. Phenomenological study. C. Randomized controlled trial. D. Case-control study. Answer: B. Phenomenological study. Rationale: A phenomenological study is a qualitative research method that aims to explore individuals' lived experiences and the meanings they attach to those experiences. 26. What is the role of a research framework in a research study? A. To exclude diverse perspectives. B. To develop clear research questions. C. To limit the scope of the study. D. To provide a theoretical foundation for the study. Answer: D. To provide a theoretical foundation for the study. Rationale: A research framework in a research study provides a theoretical foundation for the study, guiding the research questions, methods, and analysis. 27. Which of the following is an example of a research hypothesis? A. Individuals with chronic pain will experience improved pain management with mindfulness-based interventions compared to standard care. B. Individuals' perspectives on chronic pain experiences. C. The influence of social support on pain management. D. The prevalence of chronic pain in the elderly population. Answer: A. Individuals with chronic pain will experience improved pain management with mindfulness-based interventions compared to standard care. Rationale: A research hypothesis is a specific statement that predicts the relationship between variables and guides the research study's direction. 28. How can dependability be ensured in qualitative research? A. By conducting statistical tests and significance levels. B. By establishing credibility and trustworthiness in the study. C. By providing detailed information on the study's methodology. D. By excluding diverse perspectives. Answer: C. By providing detailed information on the study's methodology. Rationale: Dependability in qualitative research refers to the consistency and stability of the study's findings. Providing detailed information on the study's methodology enhances its dependability. 29. What is the purpose of a research aim in a research study? B. By conducting member checking with only a select few participants. C. By ensuring consistency and standardization in data collection procedures. D. By excluding participants from the research process. Answer: C. By ensuring consistency and standardization in data collection procedures. Rationale: Minimizing bias in data collection involves ensuring consistency and standardization in data collection procedures to reduce the influence of researcher bias or preconceptions. 35. Which of the following is an example of a quantitative research method? A. Grounded theory. B. Content analysis. C. Survey research. D. Constant comparative analysis. Answer: C. Survey research. Rationale: Survey research is a quantitative research method that involves collecting data through questionnaires or interviews to gather information on individuals' beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. 36. How can trustworthiness be established in qualitative research? A. By excluding diverse perspectives. B. By conducting member checking with only a select few participants. C. By ensuring credibility, dependability, and transferability in the study. D. By providing rich descriptions and detailed methodology. Answer: C. By ensuring credibility, dependability, and transferability in the study. Rationale: Trustworthiness in qualitative research refers to the study's credibility, dependability, and transferability. Ensuring these factors enhances the trustworthiness of the study. 37. What is the purpose of ethical approval in research studies involving human participants? A. To exclude conflicting viewpoints. B. To report findings without consideration for participant confidentiality. C. To ensure the protection and welfare of participants. D. To limit the scope of the study. Answer: C. To ensure the protection and welfare of participants. Rationale: Ethical approval in research studies involving human participants is required to ensure the protection and welfare of participants, upholding ethical standards and guidelines in research. 38. How can rigor be ensured in research studies? A. By excluding diverse perspectives. B. By conducting member checking with only a select few participants. C. By following established research guidelines and procedures. D. By providing rich descriptions and detailed methodology. Answer: C. By following established research guidelines and procedures. Rationale: Rigor in research studies can be ensured by following established research guidelines and procedures, including ethical standards, data collection methods, and analysis techniques. 39. What is the role of transparency in research studies? A. To exclude diverse perspectives. B. To develop clear research questions. C. To provide detailed information on the study's methodology and findings. D. To report findings without consideration for participant confidentiality. Answer: C. To provide detailed information on the study's methodology and findings. Rationale: Transparency in research studies involves providing detailed information on the study's methodology and findings to enhance the study's credibility and trustworthiness. 40. How can findings be disseminated in research studies? A. By limiting the scope of the study. B. By excluding diverse perspectives. C. By publishing research articles in academic journals. D. By conducting member checking with only a select few participants. Answer: C. By publishing research articles in academic journals. Rationale: Findings in research studies can be disseminated by publishing research articles in academic journals, presenting at conferences, and sharing results with relevant stakeholders to contribute to the body of knowledge in the field. 1. What is the primary difference between quantitative and qualitative research methodologies? A) The use of statistics B) The type of data collected C) The presence of a hypothesis strategies. 8. In quantitative research, what is the significance of a control group? A) To provide qualitative data for comparison B) To ensure the study is double-blinded C) To serve as a standard for comparison against the experimental group D) To increase the sample size Answer: C) To serve as a standard for comparison against the experimental group. The control group helps to determine the effect of the independent variable by comparing outcomes with those of the experimental group. 9. Which qualitative research method is best suited for studying cultural practices within a specific community? A) Survey research B) Ethnography C) Experimental research D) Historical research Answer: B) Ethnography. This method involves immersive observation and participation within a community to understand its cultural practices. 10. What does the term 'saturation' mean in the context of qualitative research? A) The point at which additional data does not lead to new insights B) When the research budget has been fully utilized C) The maximum number of participants has been reached D) Data has been overly analyzed Answer: A) The point at which additional data does not lead to new insights. Saturation indicates that the data collection can cease as further information is redundant. 11. In a study examining patient satisfaction, which type of data collection method is most likely to yield subjective information? A) Surveys with Likert scales B) Blood pressure readings C) Physical examinations D) Structured interviews Answer: D) Structured interviews. These allow patients to express their satisfaction in their own words, providing subjective data. 12. What is the role of peer review in the research process? A) To provide an opportunity for other experts to critique and improve the study B) To ensure that the study results are statistically significant C) To confirm the operational definitions of variables D) To increase the sample size for the study Answer: A) To provide an opportunity for other experts to critique and improve the study. Peer review is a quality control measure in the research process. 13. Which statistical test would be most appropriate for a quantitative study comparing the mean blood pressure levels between two groups? A) Chi-square test B) T-test C) ANOVA D) Regression analysis Answer: B) T-test. This test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups. 14. In qualitative research, what is the importance of reflexivity? A) To ensure the statistical analysis is accurate B) To reflect on how the researcher's background may influence the study C) To guarantee that the results are generalizable D) To confirm the reliability of the measurements Answer: B) To reflect on how the researcher's background may influence the study. Reflexivity involves acknowledging and accounting for the researcher's biases and how they may affect the research process and findings. 15. What does 'generalizability' refer to in the context of research studies? A) The extent to which the findings can be applied to other settings or groups B) The level of detail provided in qualitative data C) The statistical power of the study D) The ability to control variables in an experimental study Answer: A) The extent to which the findings can be applied to other settings or groups. Generalizability is about the applicability of the study's conclusions beyond the specific context in which the research was conducted. Question: Which of the following best describes quantitative research in nursing? A. Focuses on understanding human behavior through observations and interviews. B. Involves collecting and analyzing numerical data to identify patterns and relationships. C. Aims to explore subjective experiences and meanings in- depth. D. Relies on statistical analysis to draw conclusions based on qualitative data. Question: Which of the following is a common approach used in quantitative research to test hypotheses? A. Thematic analysis B. Grounded theory C. Correlational analysis D. Phenomenological analysis Answer: C. Correlational analysis Rationale: Correlational analysis is a statistical method commonly used in quantitative research to examine relationships between variables. Question: What is a primary focus of qualitative research in nursing? A. Establishing causal relationships between variables. B. Developing predictive models based on data. C. Understanding the lived experiences of individuals. D. Conducting large-scale surveys for data collection. Answer: C. Understanding the lived experiences of individuals. Rationale: Qualitative research aims to explore and understand the lived experiences, perspectives, and behaviors of individuals in their natural contexts. Question: Which research methodology is best suited for exploring complex social phenomena in nursing practice? A. Quantitative research B. Mixed-methods research C. Qualitative research D. Experimental research Answer: C. Qualitative research Rationale: Qualitative research is well-suited for exploring complex social phenomena, human experiences, and subjective meanings in nursing practice. Question: In quantitative research, what is the purpose of random sampling? A. To ensure every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. B. To select participants based on specific criteria. C. To obtain a representative sample that reflects the population. D. To include participants who volunteer for the study. Answer: A. To ensure every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. Rationale: Random sampling in quantitative research helps ensure that each member of the population has an equal opportunity to be included in the study, enhancing the generalizability of the findings. Question: Which of the following is a limitation of qualitative research in nursing? A. Difficulty in establishing causal relationships. B. Limited ability to explore complex social phenomena. C. Challenges in generalizing findings to broader populations. D. Lack of in-depth understanding of participants' experiences. Answer: C. Challenges in generalizing findings to broader populations. Rationale: One limitation of qualitative research is the difficulty in generalizing findings beyond the specific context or participants studied. Question: How does quantitative research contribute to evidence- based practice in nursing? A. By providing detailed narratives of patient experiences. B. By generating statistical data to support clinical decision- making. C. By exploring the subjective meanings of patient symptoms. D. By conducting in-depth interviews with healthcare professionals. Answer: B. By generating statistical data to support clinical decision-making. Rationale: Quantitative research provides numerical data that can be used to inform evidence-based practice and guide clinical decision-making in nursing. Question: Which of the following is a key characteristic of quantitative research designs? A. Emphasis on exploring subjective experiences. B. Use of open-ended questions in data collection. C. Control over variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships. D. Focus on understanding the meanings behind behaviors. Answer: C. Control over variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships. Rationale: Quantitative research designs often involve manipulating variables to establish causal relationships between them.