Overview of Pesticide Regulations & Classifications under Federal Act, Exams of Biology

Download Overview of Pesticide Regulations & Classifications under Federal Act and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! General Colorado Commercial Pesticide Application and Safety Training with Complete Solutions. FIFRA - ANSWER--Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act -Provides federal control of pesticide distribution, sale, and use Full Federal Label (FIFRA) - ANSWER--Section 3 Pesticide Classification - ANSWER--All Pesticides are classified according to their potential hazards Pesticide Classifications (2) - ANSWER-1. General Use Pesticides (GUP) 2. Restricted Use Pesticides (RUP) Emergency Exemptions (FIFRA) - ANSWER--Section 18 -Under certain circumstances, EPA allows state/federal agencies to permit additional use that is not specified by the label to respond to a localized pest management crisis -Standard to meet this exemption is "Signifigant economic loss" Special Local Needs Label (FIFRA) - ANSWER--Section 24C -States can register additional uses of a federally registered pesticide to meet "Specialty Local Needs" (SLN) -Prepared by manufacturer and obtained through distributor Minimum Risk Pesticides (FIFRA) - ANSWER--Pesticides that are minimum risk due to having a limited amount of active and inert ingredients and are not required to have an EPA registration number Certification of Applicators (FIFRA) - ANSWER--RUP may only be sold to certified applicators -Colorado certifications are controlled by the Colorado Department of Agriculture (CDA) FIFRA Categories of Applicators - ANSWER-1. Private Applicators 2. Commercial Applicators Private Applicators - ANSWER--A person who uses or supervises the use of RUP in the production of agricultural commodities on land owned by them or their employer -Ex. Farmer/Rancher Commercial Applicators - ANSWER--Any person who engages in the business of applying RUP pesticides or operating a device for hire Pesticide Registration (FIFRA) - ANSWER--Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) -Pesticides must not cause harm to infants, children, or other sensitive individuals -EPA reviews a registered pesticide every 15 years Residue - ANSWER--Small amounts of pesticides that remains in/on fruits, veggies, grains, other foods, and animal feeds Tolerance - ANSWER--The maximum residue limit Civil FIFRA Penalties - ANSWER--May not exceed $5,000 for each offence -First violation results in a warning -Penalties are enforced through EPA Criminal (FIFRA) Penalties - ANSWER--Willful violation is a misdemeanor - Applicator is subject to a fine up to $25,000 and or one year imprisonment -Producer is subject to $50,000 fine and up to one year imprisonment Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act - ANSWER--EPA role: Sets tolerances or maximum legal limits for pesticide residue on food commodities FDA role: Monitors food crop residue and enforces EPA tolerance levels Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) 1996 - ANSWER--One single health based standard for the risk assessment of pesticide residue in/on food and feed Worker Protection Standard (2015) - ANSWER--WPS is a federal regulation that provides protection to workers who preform hand labor task in fields after a pesticide application -WPS label found under "Directions for Use" Endangered Species Act of 1973 - ANSWER--Designed to protect endangered species -Administrated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service -Some pesticides include "Endangered Species Restrictions" statement under 'Environmental Hazards' Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) - ANSWER--Provides authority for federal cleanup of any uncontrolled hazardous waste site and response to spills or accidental release of hazardous substances Colorado Pesticide Applicators Act (CPAA) - ANSWER--Rules and regulations administerd by CDA -3 types of applicators Inert Additives - ANSWER--Non-pesticide additives to make pesticides more effective -A formulated product must be mixed with water, air, or a petroleum based product Dry Flowable (DF)/ Water Dispersible Granule (DF/WDG) - ANSWER--Small pellets/granules, forms a suspension in water -Adv.: Easier to mix and measure than WP, less inhalation -Disad.: Spray mix requires constant agitation, abrasive Granular (G) - ANSWER--Mix of dry, large, free flowing particles -Adv.: Ready to use, no mixing, minimal drift -Disad.: Dust, may need incorporation Soluble Powder (SP) - ANSWER--Dry material that dissolves in liquid -Adv.: Agitation not needed after mixing -Disad.: Dust can be inhaled Wettable Powder (WP/W) - ANSWER--Dry materials made out of AI and formulant -Adv.: Less skin absorption, lower phytotoxicity, resistant to weathering -Disad.: Hazardous if inhaled, needs premixing, constant agitation, abrasive, may clog Concentrated Emulsion (EW) - ANSWER--Consists of thick water based emulsion and AI paste, diluted in spray tank for application -Adv.: Minimize level of solvent needed to dissolve pesticide -Disad.: Hazardous if ingested Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) - ANSWER--Clear solution to be diluted in water, milky, forms true solution when mixed with water -Adv.: High concentration of AI, less product to store, easily mixed, non-abrasive -Disad.: High amount of AI increases mixing hazard, flammable, easily absorbed through skin Flowable (F) - ANSWER--Finely ground solid particles of AI in liquids carrier -Adv.: No dust, premix not needed -Disad.: Constant agitation Water Soluable Packets (WSP) - ANSWER--Pre weighed amount of WP, SP in a dissolvable bag -Adv.: Low applicator exposure during mixing and loading, convenient for measuring, no container to dispose -Disad.: All quantities are pre measured Activator - ANSWER--Increases the biological efficacy of pesticides Penetrant - ANSWER--Enhances pesticides ability to enter substrate or penetrate surfaces Spreader/wetting Agent - ANSWER--Increases area that spray droplet will cover on a target Sticker - ANSWER--Increases area that spray droplet will cover and ability of pesticides to stick to treated plants/surfaces Synergism - ANSWER--Some pesticides have an increased effectiveness when targeting certain pests when mixed with another pesticide -Advantageous in many circumstances Persistence - ANSWER--How long a chemical or pesticide remains active in an environment -Expressed in terms of half life (the time it takes 50% of the pesticide to break down) Resistance - ANSWER--The ability of the target pest to resist any effects of the pesticide Resistance Management - ANSWER--Integrated pest management (IPM) should combine cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical control measures Leaching - ANSWER--The movement of pesticides through the soil Bioaccumulation - ANSWER--When a pesticide accumulated in a living organism Volatilization - ANSWER--When a pesticide turns into a gas or vapor Solubility - ANSWER--Pesticides that dissolve easily in water Carriers - ANSWER--The carrier is the material o which the formulated pesticide is added for application Phytotoxicity - ANSWER--Plant damage from a pesticide application to a desirable plant Biological Control - ANSWER--The use of living organisms to reduce pest populations Mechanical Control - ANSWER--Physical methods to control pest of alter their environment (traps, screens, barriers, nets) Cultural Control - ANSWER--Goal is to alter the environment or the condition of the host plant/site to prevent or suppress an infection Environmental Modification - ANSWER--Alteration of environment conditions such as water, air, light, and humidity Regulatory Control - ANSWER--Governmental agencies role in trying to stop the spread or entry of pests into the country via inspection, quarantine, or destruction of infested material Pest Identification (4) - ANSWER-1. Insects 2. Vertebras 3. Weeds 4. Disease/pathogens (Bacteria, fungi, viruses, nematodes, etc.) Beneficial Organism - ANSWER--An organism that provides an advantage in pest control Toxicity (2) - ANSWER-1. Acute Toxicity 2. Chronic Toxicity Exposure (4) - ANSWER-1. Ocular 2. Dermal 3. Oral 4. Inhalation Pesticides on Skin - ANSWER--Remove contaminated clothing, wash clothing -Wash pesticide with soap Inhalation of Pesticides - ANSWER--Get to fresh air -Do not overheat, regulate breathing Ingested Pesticides - ANSWER--Induce vomiting if label suggests -If poisoning is acid based, neutralize it with baking soda or milk of magnesia Pesticides in Eye - ANSWER--Wash eye ASAP but gently -Wash for 15+ minutes Storage - ANSWER--Keep personal items away from pesticides -Keep food away from pesticides -Wash the outside of gloves -Wash hangs with soap and water -Do not touch genitals -Use PPE -Wash clothes -Concrete or impermeable surface -Locked -Shelf life Pesticide Transportation - ANSWER--Do not store inside of vehicle -Do not transport with food -Do not leave vehicle unattended